Mechanisms of Failure of Thin Films

Molecular simulation illustrating the mechanisms of failure of thin films of amorphous solid water in nano-scale confinement. The left panel shows adhesive failure, which occurs under large lateral strain when the confining cristobalite surfaces contain no charges (hydrophobic case). The right panel shows cohesive failure, which occurs under large lateral strain when the confining cristobalite surfaces are charged (hydrophilic case). The gap between the confining surfaces is 1.6 nm.
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