Research: Discovery at Princeton University

Captions and credits (from top to bottom, left to right)

Front Cover:

(1) This image depicts neural stem cells that were genetically modified with
an engineered form of HIV. Visualized in green is a transgenic protein
introduced by HIV; red is a stem- cell stain, and blue depicts neuronal
progeny. Courtesy of John Dimos GS, Department of Molecular Biology

(2) Tamara Whitaker, a member of the Class of 2007, worked on an
experimental setup with Professor Jay Benziger to overcome problems that
arise in fuel cells when water droplets form in the systems. Benziger
regularly forms research partnerships with students through PrincetonÕs
Research Experience for Undergraduates, which he has directed since
launching it in 1996, and through collaborations as part of their junior and
senior independent work. Photo by Denise Applewhite

(3) Shown is a representative visualization of a mathematical model of the
magnetic-field lines and pressure distribution in the National Spherical
Torus Experiment, created by  Wonchull Park of the Princeton Plasma Physics
Laboratory in conjunction with the SciDAC Center for Extended MHD Modeling.
Courtesy of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

(4) Peter B. Lewis, a member of the Princeton Class of 1955 and a trustee of
the University, gave $60 million to support the construction and the
programs of the Peter B. Lewis Õ55 Science Library, designed by renowned
architect Frank Gehry and scheduled to open in 2008. Photo by Denise
Applewhite

(5) Doctoral candidate Karina Xavier (right) helps biologist Bonnie Bassler
examine DNA X-ray film in her lab.
Photo by Denise Applewhite

(6) Carl Icahn Laboratory. Photo by Ramon Vi–oly


Inside Front Cover:

(7) In the constellation Cygnus (the Swan), dark clouds can be seen in front
of Lynds Bright Nebula 258, from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The
red, green, and blue color planes represent the infrared, red, and green
filters of the SDSS, so ionized hydrogen (actually red) appears green in
this image. Courtesy of Douglas Finkbeiner, Department of Astrophysics

(8) Lobby of the Carl Icahn Laboratory. Photo by Denise Applewhite

(9) Research at Princeton Engineering increasingly combines multiple
disciplines, from biology to materials science, to solve problems related to
human health, energy production, the environment and security. Laboratory.
Photo by Laura Pedrick

(10) ÒFive-Horned Eggshell.Ó This image is a scanning electron micrograph of
the anterior portion of a Drosophila virilis eggshell. The most obvious
structures are the four respiratory appendages (green) that help the fly
developing inside the eggshell to breathe. The fifth, shorter ÒhornÓ is the
micropyle, which is a small tube used for sperm entry. Also of interest, the
complex web-like pattern of white proteinaceous material indicates the
outline of the individual cells that secreted the eggshell. Courtesy of Nir
Yakoby and Maria Pia Rossi, Department of Chemical Engineering

(11) Electron microscopy courtesy of the Department of Molecular Biology,
2003.


Page 1:

(12) Christopher Moore, a graduate student in psychology, sits at the
console of the MRI scanner. Behind the glass, postdoctoral researcher Per
Sederberg helps prepare the machine to scan a test subject. The two are
using the MRI to explore the nature of memory as members of Assistant
Professor of Psychology Kenneth NormanÕs lab group. Photo by Denise
Applewhite

(13) ÒFalling ApartÓ is one of the first pictures taken by using the high
throughput immunofluorescence screen. It shows a human fibroblast cell
stained green by an antibody that is directed against an unknown cellular
protein, which possibly plays a role in human cytomegalovirus infection in
human fibroblasts. The cellular DNA (nucleus) is stained in blue. Courtesy
of Joerg Schroeer, Department of Molecular Biology

(14) Project Matterhorn was the code name for the controlled thermonuclear
research effort started by Princeton University in 1951 under the leadership
of Lyman Spitzer. In 1951, Spitzer outlined the basic concept for creating
the stellarator, a device for confining and heating ionized hydrogen gas to
release fusion energy for the production of power. He was able to receive
support from the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission as well as Princeton
University, which lay the foundation for starting Project Matterhorn. Image
from the Project Matterhorn Publications 1951Ð58; care of Princeton
University LibraryÕs Digital Collections

(15 and 16) Courtesy of the Department of Molecular Biology

(17) Dean for Research A. J. Stewart Smith stands in front of the BaBar
experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Photo by Diana Rogers


Inside Back Cover:

(18) Courtesy of the Neuroscience of Cognitive Control Laboratory.

(19) These microscope images are of two green zebrafish make the shape of a
green heart. The green color in the top image results from the fluorescence
of green fluorescent protein under the excitation of blue light. It is
expressed in the fish driven by the Nodal-response element. The bottom image
shows the zebrafish under white light. Courtesy of Bo Xu GS, Department of
Molecular Biology

(20) Courtesy of the Neuroscience Institute.

(21) During the development of multicellular organisms, specific cells
commit suicide in a process known as programmed cell death, which is
required for the normal growth of all animals, including humans.
Furthermore, it is essential for preventing the development of cancer,
because it destroys cells that would otherwise multiply unchecked. In the
nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans (pictured in the background),
programmed cell death is controlled by a protein machine containing two
molecules of CED-4 (foreground, colored green and cyan) and one molecule of
CED-9 (red). Visualizing this protein machinery provides important
information on the regulation of programmed cell death in animal cells and
offers the potential to design drugs that might block or promote it.
Courtesy of Yigong Shi, Department of Molecular Biology

(22) Wole Soboyejo, Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, meets
with students as director of the Undergraduate Research Program at the
Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials. He is also
the director of the U.S./Africa Materials Institute. His research focuses on
experimental studies of biomaterials and the mechanical behavior of
materials. Photo by Denise Applewhite


Back Cover:

(23) ÒVirus-Cell Interaction.Ó This image shows human cytomegalovirus
infected human endothelial cells (multicolor immunofluorescence (IF), blue:
DAPI = cellular DNA, green = GFP (green fluorescence protein), red + magenta
= two different viral proteins). Captured with a Zeiss LSM510 laser scanning
confocal microscope. Courtesy of Joerg Schroeer, Department of Molecular
Biology

(24) M51, the ÒWhirlpoolÓ galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici, is
about 30 million light years away from the Milky Way. The image shows two
colliding galaxies, which have torn stars from their outer parts and spread
them over much of the field of this image. The image is from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey. The red, green, and blue color planes represent
infrared, red, and green filters. Courtesy of Robert Lupton, Department of
Astrophysics

(25) As part of an outreach program that enables local New Jersey students
to meet African scientists doing materials research, Ishani Sud, a member of
the Class of 2008 (left) and Dan Steinberg of the NSF-funded Princeton
University Materials Academy,discuss the physics behind solar ovens with a
student from Trenton.
Photo by Frank Wojciechowski

(26) Viral membrane proteins in PRV-infected sensory neurons. Us9 (green)
and gE (red). Courtesy of Lynn Enquist, Department of Molecular Biology

(27) National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) in January 2001. Photo by El
Starkman, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory