Jack Abraitis - M.L.B.W. Glossary - USN Ship Classes - WarShips, Amphibious Warfare Ships

USN Ship Classes - WarShips, Amphibious Warfare Ships


AGC -
- General Communications vessel or Amphibious Force Command/Flag Ship (LCC).
ATL -
- Tank Landing Craft.
LBP -
- Landing Boat (personnel).
LBS -
- Landing Boat (support).
LBV -
- Landing Boat (vehicle).
LCA -
- Landing Craft (assault).
LCAC -
- Landing Craft (Air Cushion).
LCAC series
Displacement 200 tons full load
Dimensions 88 x 47 x ?? feet
Armament 2 - M-60 MG
Machinery 4 Avco-Lycoming gas turbines; b.h.p.: 12,280 = 40+ kts. (with payload)
2 shrouded reversible-pitch propellers;
4 double-entry fans for lift
Range 200 miles at 40 knots with payload
Cargo capacity60 tons/75 ton overload
Complement 5
Builder(s) Textron Marine Systems/Lockheed
Notes MISSION: Transport weapons systems, equipment, cargo and personnel of the assault elements of the Marine Air/Ground Task Force both from ship to shore and across the beach.

COMMENTARY: The landing craft air cushion (LCAC) is a fully amphibious air cushion vehicle capable of operating from existing and planned well deck ships. Forty-eight air-cushion landing craft were authorized and appropriated through FY 89. All are under contract with 16 of these craft delivered. Lockheed Shipbuilding Company was competitively selected as a second source. The FY 1990 budget request includes $219.3 million for nine craft. The FY 1991 request includes full funding for 12 LCACs and advance procurement in support of the FY 1992 program (nine craft).

LCB -
- Landing Craft vehicle.
LCC -
- Amphibious Command Ship (formerly AGC).
BLUE RIDGE Class (LCC-19): LCCs 19 - 20
Displacement 19,000 tons (full load)
Dimensions 620 x 82 x ?? feet
Machinery 2 - boilers; 1 - geared turbine; 1 shaft; s.h.p.: 22,000 = 23 kts.
Aircraft Utility helicopter can be carried
Complement ship's company: 720 (40 officers, 680 enlisted)
Builder(s) Philadelphia Naval Shipyard; LCC-19
Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co.; LCC-20
Notes MISSION: To provide amphibious command and control in major amphibious operations.

COMMENTARY: These are the only ships to be designed initially for an amphibious command ship role. Earlier amphibious command ships lacked sufficient speed to operate with a 20-knot amphibious force. Subsequently, both ships became fleet flagships. USS Blue Ridge became the Seventh Fleet flagship in 1979. USS Mount Whitney became the Second Fleet flagship in 1981.
Units as of 1994:
BLUE RIDGE Class ships:
USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19); Yokosuka, Japan
USS Mount Whitney (LCC-20); Norfolk, VA

LCC(1) -
- Landing Craft, control Mk I.
LCC(2) -
- Landing Craft, control Mk II.
LCI -
- Landing Craft, Infantry.
LCI(L) -
- Landing Craft, infantry (large).
LCM -
- Landing Craft, mechanized); or tank Lighter.
LCM(2) -
- Landing Craft, mechanized, Mk II.
LCM(3) -
- Landing Craft, mechanized, Mk III.
LCM(6) -
- Landing Craft, mechanized, Mk VI.
LCM(8) -
- Landing Craft, mechanized, Mk VIII.
LCPL -
- Landing Craft, personnel (large).
LCP(N) -
- Landing Craft, personnel (nested).
LCPR -
- Landing Craft, personnel, ramped.
LCR(L) -
- Landing Craft, inflatable Boat (large).
LCR(S) -
- Landing Craft, inflatable Boat (small).
LCSL -
- Landing Craft, infantry (support).
LCSR -
- Landing Craft, swimmer reconnaissance.
LCS(S)(1) -
- Landing Craft, support (small) Mk I.
LCS(S)(2) -
- Landing Craft, support (small) Mk II.
LCT -
- Landing Craft, Tank.
LCU -
- Landing Craft (Utility) - aka "U Boat".
LCV -
- Landing Craft, vehicle.
LCVP -
- Landing Craft, Vehicles and Personnel.
LHA -
- Amphibious Assault Ship (general purpose). see LPH.
LHD -
- Amphibious Assault Ship (general purpose). see LPH.
LKA -
- Amphibious Cargo Ship (formerly AKA).
LPA -
- Amphibious Transport (formerly APA).
LPD -
- Landing Platform (Dock) (Amphibious Transport Dock).
RALEIGH Class (LPD-1); LPDs 1 - 2
Displacement 13,600 tons full load
Dimensions 522 x 84 x ?? feet
Armament 6 - 3inch/50-caliber guns
Machinery 2 boilers; 2 steam turbines; 2 shafts; s.h.p.: 24,000 = 21 kts.
Aircraft Landing only
Complement ship's company 429; troops 930
Builder(s) New York Naval Shipyard
AUSTIN Class (LPD-4); LPDs 4 - 15
Displacement approximately 17,000 tons full load
Dimensions 570 x 84 x ?? feet
Armament 4 - 3inch/50-caliber guns
2 - 20mm Phalanx CIWS to be fitted
Machinery 2 boilers; 2 steam turbines; 2 shafts; s.h.p.: 24,000 = 21 kts.
Aircraft Up to 6 CH-46 Sea Knight helicopters
Complement ship's company 425; troops 900
Builder(s) New York Naval Shipyard; LPDs 4 - 6
Ingalls Shipbuilding; LPDs 7 - 8
Lockheed Shipbuilding; LPDs 9, 10, 12 - 15
Notes MISSION: Transport and land Marines, their equipment and supplies by embarked landing craft or amphibious vehicles augmented by helicopters in amphibious assault.

COMMENTARY: These versatile ships replace amphibious transports (APA), amphibious cargo ships (AKA) and the older LSDs. Although their capabilities are less than those of the new LSD-41 class, the ships of the Austin class, built between 1965-1971, were considered sufficiently modern to have their service lives extended, and the Navy had planned to inaugurate a SLEP program for all 11 of them commencing in early 1988. Their modernization could have extended their service lives to 2005. However, advanced funding for the program was not authorized in the FY 1987 budget.
UNITS as of 1994:
RALEIGH Class ships:
USS Raleigh (LPD-1); Norfolk, VA
USS Vancouver (LPD-2); San Diego, CA

AUSTIN Class ships(11):
USS Austin (LPD-4); Norfolk, Va.
USS Dubuque (LPD-8); Sasebo, Japan
USS Denver (LPD-9); San Diego, Calif.
USS Ponce (LPD-15); Norfolk, VA

LPH -
- Landing Platform (Helicopter) (Amphibious Assault Ship).
IWO JIMA Class (LPH-2); LPHs 2 - 12
Displacement 18,000 tons (full load)
Dimensions 602 x 84 x ?? feet
Flight Deck Width: 104 feet
Armament 2 - 8 cell NATO Sea Sparrow launchers*
4 - 3inch/50-cal (2 - twin barrel guns)
2 - 20mm Phalanx CIWS
Machinery 2 Boilers; 1 geared turbine; 1 shaft; s.h.p.: 22,000 = 23 kts.
Aircraft 11 - CH-53 Sea Stallions
20 - CH-46 Sea Knights
Complement Ship's company: 685 (47 officer, 638 enlisted); Troops: 2,000
Builder(s) Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Wash: LPH-2
Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Philadelphia, Pa: LPH-3, 7, 9, 11
Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, MS: LPH-lO, 12
TARAWA Class (LHA-l): LHAs 1 - 5
Displacement 39,400 tons (full load)
Dimensions 833 x 106 x ?? feet
Armament 2 - 8 cell NATO Sea Sparrow launchers
3 - 5inch/54-cal MK 45 lightweight gun
1 - 20mm Phalanx CIWS
6 - 20mm MK 67 single barrel AA guns
Machinery 2 Boilers; 2 geared turbines; 2 shafts; s.h.p.: 70,000 = 24 kts.
Aircraft 9 - CH-53 Sea Stallion
12 - Ch-46 Sea Knight
10 - AV-8B Harrier (in LHA 2-5)
Complement Ship's company: 940 (58 officer, 882 enlisted); Troops:1,900+
Builder(s) Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Miss.
WASP Class (LHD-1): LHDs 1 - 4 see note-1
Displacement 40,500 tons (full load)
Dimensions 844 x 106 x ?? feet
Armament 2 - 8 cell NATO Sea Sparrowlaunchers
3 - 20mm Phalanx CIWS
8 - .50 cal MG
Machinery 2 Boilers; 2 geared turbines 2 shafts; s.h.p.: 70,000 = 22+ kts.
Aircraft 45 - CH-46 Sea Knight
20 - AV-8B Harrier
6 - ASW helicopters
Landing craft 3 - LCAC
Complement Ship's company:1,081 (98 officer, 983 enlisted); Troops: 1,875
Builder(s) Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Miss.
Notes MISSION: Modern U.S. Navy Amphibious Assault Ships are called upon to perform as primary landing ships for major portions of the assault echelons of a Marine Expeditionary Force and Marine Expeditionary Brigade. These ships use Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), conventional landing craft and helicopters to move Marine assault forces ashore. In a secondary role using AV-8B Harrier VSTOL aircraft and anti-submarine warfare helicopters, these ships perform sea control and limited power projection missions.

COMMENTARY: Amphibious warships are uniquely designed to support assault from the sea against defended positions ashore. They must be able to sail in harm's way and provide a rapid build-up of combat power ashore in the face of opposition. The United States maintains the largest and most capable amphibious force in the world. Under the current building program, new ships will further enhance that capability. The Navy's goal is to achieve sufficient amphibious lift to carry the assault echelons of a Marine Expeditionary Force and Marine Expeditionary Brigade by the late 1990's.

Note - 1: Wasp (LHD-l) is the largest amphibious ship in the world. The lead ship was commissioned in July 1989 in Norfolk, Virginia. Construction on the other ships of the class continues at Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Mississippi. Studies are underway to investigate the feasibility of incorporating gas turbine propulsion in LHD-5 in place of the 600 psi boilers. LHD-6 and beyond are intended to replace the LPH class ships. Ships will be procured every other year after 1991.

Units as of 1994:
IWO JIMA Class ships (7):
USS Iwo Jima (LPH-2); Norfolk, Va.
USS Inchon (LPH-12); Norfolk, Va.

TARAWA Class ships (5):
USS Tarawa (LHA-1); San Diego, Calif.
USS Peleliu (LHA-5); Long Beach, Ca.

WASP Class ships (4):
+ = under construction/planned/not-commissioned
Wasp (LHD-1)+
Boxer (LHD-4)+

LPR -
- Amphibious Transport, small (formerly APD).
LSD -
- Landing Ship (Dock).
THOMASTON Class (LSD 28): LSDs 28 - 34; see note-1
Displacement 11,800 tons (full load)
Dimensions 510 x 84 x ?? feet
Armament 4 - 3 inch / 50 cal MK 33 AA guns(2 twin mounts)
Machinery 2 - 600 psi Boilers; 2 geared turbines; 2 shafts; s.h.p.: 24,000 = 22+ kts.
Aircraft Landing area only
Landing craft 3 - LCU (or)
9 - LCM-8 (or)
50 - AAV/LVTP-7 amphibious tractors
Complement Ship's company: 348 (18 officer, 330 enlisted); Troops: 325
Builder(s) Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Miss.
ANCHORAGE Class (LSD 36): LSDs 36 - 40
Displacement 14,000 tons (full load)
Dimensions 553 x 85 x ?? feet
Armament 4 - 3inch/50-cal MK 33 AA guns (2 twin mounts)
2 - 20mm Phalanx CIWS
Machinery 2 - 600 psi Boilers; 2 geared turbines; 2 shafts; s.h.p.: 24,000 = 22 kts.
Aircraft Landing area only
Landing craft 3 - LCAC (or)
3 - LCU (or)
9 - LCM (or)
52 - AAV/LVTP-7 amphibious tractor
Complement Ship's company: 358 (18 officer, 340 enlisted); Troops: 330
Builder(s) Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Miss: LSD 36
General Dynamics, Quincy, Mass: LSDs 37-40
WHIDBEY ISLAND Class (LSD 41): LSDs 41 - 49; see note-2
Displacement 15,704 tons (full load)
Dimensions 609 x 84 x ?? feet
Armament 2 - 25mm machine guns; 2 - 20mm Phalanx CIWS
Machinery 4 - Colt Industries, 16 cylinder diesels; 2 shafts; s.h.p.: 33,600 = 20+ kts.
Aircraft Landing area only
Landing craft 4 - LCAC
Complement Ship's company: 342 (21 officer, 321 enlisted)
Troops: 500 (including 64 in Assault craft unit)
Builder(s) Lockheed Shipbuilding, Seattle, Wash: LSDs 41-43
Avondale Shipyards, New Orleans, La: LSDs 44-48
Notes MISSION: Support United States Navy and Marine Corps amphibious operations including landings via Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), conventional landing craft and helicopters, upon a hostile shore.

Note-1: Most of the Thomaston class have been decommissioned and placed in inactive reserve status. USS Spiegel Grove (LSD 32), USS Alamo (LSD 33) and USS Hermitage (LSD 34) are scheduled for decommissioning in fiscal year 1990.

Note-2: USS Gunston Hall (LSD 44) the fourth of eight Whidbey Island class dock landing ships was commissioned in April 1988. All eight ships of the class have been funded and will be commissioned by 1991. This ship will transport and launch amphibious craft and vehicles with their crews and embarked personnel in amphibious assault operations. LSD-41 was designed specifically to operate LCAC and, with a capacity of four craft, has the largest capacity for these unique landing craft of any U.S. Navy amphibious platform. It will also provide docking and repair services for LCAC with similar limited capabilities for conventional landing craft. The LSD-41 class is intended to replace the older LSD-28 Thomaston class. In 1987 the Navy requested $324.2 million to fund one LSD-41 (Cargo Variant). The ship will differ from the original LSD-41 by reducing its number of LCACs to two in favor of additional cargo capacity. Present procurement plans provide for the Navy to request one LSD-41(CV) per year through 2000 in order to continue to meet the amphibious lift requirements.

UNITS as of 1994:
* = decommissioned
+ = under construction but not commissioned
THOMASTON Class ships (8):
Thomaston (LSD-28)*
USS Spiegel Grove (LSD-32) Little Creek, Va.
USS Alamo (LSD-33); San Diego, Calif.
Monticello (LSD-35)*

ANCHORAGE Class ships
USS Anchorage (LSD-36); Long Beach, Calif.
USS Portland (LSD-37); Little Creek, Va.
USS Pensacola (LSD-38); Little Creek, Va.
USS Mount Vernon (LSD-39); Long Beach, Calif.
USS Fort Fisher (LSD-40); San Diego, Calif.

WHIDBEY ISLAND Class ships (9):
USS Whidbey Island (LSD-41); Little Creek, Va.
USS Germantown (LSD-42); San Diego, Calif.
Harper's Ferry (LSD-49)+ (to Little Creek, Va.)

LSFF -
- Flotilla Flagship (amphibious).
LSI -
- Landing Ship, infantry (giant "Y" Boat).
LSM -
- medium Landing Ship.

LSM 1-558 series:
Displacement 743 tons beaching; 1095 tons full load
Dimensions 196½ (w.l.) 203½ (o.a.) x 34½ x 7½ (max) feet
Guns 2 - 40mm AA
Machinery Diesel; 2 shafts; B.H.P.: 2800 = 12 kts.
Complement ship's company: 59
Notes
LSS(L) -
- support Landing Ship (large) Mk III.
LST -
- Landing Ship (Tank) - aka "Last Ship There" or "Long Slow Target".
LST 1 - 510 series: see note-1 note-3
Displacement 1625 tons (2366 tons beaching; 4050 tons full load)
Dimensions 328 (o.a.) x 50 x 14 (max) feet
draft unloaded: bow - 2' 4" stern - 7' 6"
draft loaded: bow - 8' 2" stern - 14' 1"
Armament 1 - 3inch/.50-cal (after gun mount)
5 - 40mm AA (4/5 single, 1/2 dual mounts(w.c,));
2/6 - 20mm AA;
2/4 - .50-cal w.c. MG
4 - .30-cal w.c. MG
Machinery main: 2 Diesel; 2 shafts; B.H.P.: 1700 = 10.8 kts.
Complement ship's company: 64 - 119
LST 511 - 1152 series: see note-1 note-3
Displacement 1653 tons (2380 tons beaching; 4080 tons full load)
Dimensions 316 (w.l.) 328 (o.a.) x 50 x 14 (max) feet
Armament 7/8 - 40mm AA (4/5 single, 1/2 dual mounts(w.c.));
2 - 20mm AA;
4 - .50-cal MG
Machinery main: 2 Diesel; 2 shafts; B.H.P./SHP: 1700 = 11 kts.
aux.: 3 diesel
emer. pump: 1 Hercules diesel
Complement ship's company: 64 - 119
embarked troops: 0 - 147
Landing craft 2/4 LCVP/LCPL
Cargo capacity 2100 tons
Builder(s) Chicago Bridge and Iron Works; LST 1148
LST 1153 - 1154 series: see note-1 note-2 note-3
Displacement 2324 tons (6000 tons full load)
Dimensions 368 (w.l.) 382 (o.a.) x 54 x 14½ (17 max) feet
Armament 2 - 5inch/38-cal.; 4 - 40mm AA
Machinery Geared turbines: 2 shafts: S.H.P.: 6000 = 14 kts.
Complement ship's company: 200+
Landing craft 4 LCVP
NEWPORT Class (LST-1179): LSTs 1179 - 1191 see note-4
Displacement 8,450 tons full load
Dimensions 522 x 69 x ?? feet
Armament 4 - 3inch/50-caliber guns
1 - 20mm Phalanx CIWS to be fitted
Machinery 6 diesels; 2 shafts; b.h.p.: 16,000 = 20 kts.
Complement ship's company: 290; troops: 400
Builder(s) LSTs 1179-1181, Philadelphia Naval Shipyard
LSTs 1182-1198, National Steel and Shipbuilding
Notes MISSION: The assigned mission of the tank landing ship (LST) is to transport and land amphibious vehicles, tanks, combat vehicles and equipment in amphibious assault.

note-1 Ocean tank carriers with bow doors. In WWII, LST-32 was fitted with railway lines on the tank deck to enable her to transport trucks from Sicily to the mainland. Seven LSTs were modified as LSTH for casualty evacuation and treatment of wounded. LST-526 was the only US ship of her type to serve as a aircraft carrier in WWII. Fitted with a plywood flight deck she carried 10 piper cubs and their Army pilots and operated off the west coast of France in 1945. Some British LSTs flew off artillery observation aircraft from their upper decks. After the war, most were stricken from the list of naval vessels. 1 LSTH was reclassified as LST-731 and placed in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. 68 were assigned to MSTS and designated USNS. App. 90 LSTs (all classes) were active into the 1970s.

note-2 Both LSTs were built by Boston Navy Yard. USS Talbot County (LST-1153) launched 4/24/47, completed 9/3/47; USS Tallahatchie County (LST-1154) launched 7/19/46, completed 6/9/49. They were the only steam powered LSTs. They carried 4 LCVP and had increased troop accomodation, greater tank, vehicle and cargo capacity and increased arrangements for discharge, compared with "LST 1 - 1152" class.

note-3 all LST 1 - 1154 carried 0-4 LCVPs.

note-4 Ships of this class are larger and faster than earlier LSTs and are the first to depart from the bow-door design that characterized the workhorses of World War II. The hull form necessary for the attainment of the 20-knot speeds of contemporary amphibious squadrons would not permit bow doors. Accordingly, ships of this class offload cargo and vehicles by means of a 112-foot ramp over their bow. A stern gate also makes possible off-loading amphibious vehicles directly into the water. The 20 ships of this class, all commissioned between June 1969 and August 1972, are the only LSTs remaining in the fleet.

LST 1 - 1154 Class: Units as of 1968:
USS LST-454
USS LST-542
USS Page County (LST-1076)
USS Snohomish County (LST-1126)
USS Sumner County (LST-1148) built in 1945, decomissioned/struck/sold to Ecuador in 1977 (see here).

NEWPORT Class (LST-1179): Ships (20) as of 1994:
USS Newport (LST-1179); Little Creek, Norfolk, Va.
USS Fairfax County (LST-1193); Little Creek, Norfolk, Va.
USS Barnstable County (LST-1197); Little Creek, Norfolk, Va.
USS Racine (LST-1191) (NRF); Long Beach, Calif.

LSTH -
- Landing Ship (Tank, casualty evacuation).
- see LST - Notes.
LSTS -
- Landing Ship (Utility).
LSU -
- Landing Ship (Utility).
LSV -
- Landing Ship (Vehicle).
LVA -
- assault Landing Vehicle.
LVT -
- Landing Craft, Tracked (amtrac).
LVTA -
- Landing Craft, Tracked, Attack.
TLL -
- Tank Lighter.
TLLW -
- Tank Lighter (medium tank-well type).