Grozny

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Grozny (Russian: Гро́зный; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГIала, Sölƶa-Ġala) is the capital city of the Chechen Republic, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2002 Census, the city had a population of 210,720 people (a little more than half of the population a decade before) and in 2008 the city had a population of 230,100 people.

• 1 Name
• 2 History
  • 2.1 Russian fort
  • 2.2 Soviet regional capital
  • 2.3 Collapse of Russian authority
  • 2.4 First Chechen War
  • 2.5 Second Chechen War
  • 2.6 Today
• 3 Features
• 4 Transport
  • 4.1 Tram and trolley
• 5 Sport
• 6 Climate
• 7 International relations
  • 7.1 Twin towns — Sister cities
• 8 Famous people from Grozny
• 9 References
  • 9.1 Bibliography
  • 9.2 Notes
• 10 External links

Name

In Russian "Grozny" means "fearsome", "menacing", or "terrible" (for example, the figure known in English as "Ivan the Terrible" is called "Ivan Grozny" (Иван Грозный) in Russian). During the existence of the separatist republic, it was officially renamed to Dzokhar-Ghala in 1996, and Chechen separatists sometimes continue refer to the city as Dzhokhar or Djohar (Chechen: Джовхар-ГIала, Dƶovxar-Ġala); it was named so after Dzhokhar Dudaev, the first president of the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. As of December 2005, the Chechen parliament voted to rename the city Akhmadkala after Akhmad Kadyrov, a proposition which was rejected by his son Ramzan Kadyrov, the prime minister and later president of the republic.

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