didYOUknoW?
October,
3rd

The 1965 fight between Sonny
Liston and Muhammad Ali is known throughout the world. For
Liston it was a rematch with Ali. It proved to be the event
that overshadowed the rest of his life. The fight was held
in a small high school gym in Lewiston, Maine, before 1,254
paying customers. It was the smallest crowd ever for a world
heavyweight championship bout, but it was telecast nationwide,
and Liston lost by a knockout in the first round. The punch
with which Ali knocked out Liston became known as "The
Phantom Punch" because it was barely visible, even when
it was shown in slow motion. Rumors that Liston threw away
the fight as a way of repaying a debt to gamblers would taint
Liston's reputation in the years ahead. However, no concrete
evidence of these allegations were found...
October,
10th

Granville T. Woods, the "Black
Edison"
It's hard to believe that a man who was forced to leave school
at the age of ten could have patented over thirty-five electrical
and mechanical inventions. Yet Granville T. Woods did just
that, educating himself outside of school in practical skills
for his future.
Born in Columbus, Ohio, in 1856 Granville Woods migrated to
Missouri at age 16, where he worked as a fireman-engineer
on the railroads. Later, he studied electrical and mechanical
engineering and became the person most responsible for modernizing
the railroad.
In 1884, he secured his first patent for a steam boiler furnace.
Woods went on to patent more than thirty-five electrical and
mechanical inventions, including an improved telephone transmitter,
an electric car powered by overhead wires, a "third rail"
system for an electric locomotive, an automatic airbrake system
and his "Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph"
which allowed messages to be sent between moving trains. This
system made rail travel much safer.
October, 17th

Jennifer Hudson (1981- )
Jennifer Hudson is an award winning singer and actress.
Born in Chicago, Illinois, she attended Dunbar Vocation Career
Academy. She is known for being a finalist on the third season
of American Idol. As of 2007, she was the first African-American
to grace the cover of Vogue. She also stared in the critically
acclaimed movie version of the popular musical Dreamgirls.
her performance has landed her an Academy Award, Golden Globe,
SAG Award, and various others. She is the third African-American
woman to win an Academy Award, following Hattie McDaniel and
Whoopi Goldberg. She is now making plans to release a debut
album in early 2007. She is an inspiration to all.
October,
31st

Matthew Henson (1866– 1955)
Henson was an American explorer who may have been the first
to reach the Geographic North Pole with Robert Peary in 1909.
However, some have estimated that Peary's party missed the
pole by up to 30 km. Due to his being black and his status
as Peary's employee, he never reached the same fame as Peary
in an America where racist views were still common.
He wrote a book himself about his arctic exploration (A Negro
Explorer at the North Pole) in 1912 and later in collaboration
with Bradley Robinson his biography Dark Companion in 1947.
During their expeditions he and Peary fathered children with
Inuit women two of whom were discovered by S. Allen Counter
in a Greenland expedition when they were in their eighties.
On April 6, 1988 Henson was reinterred in Arlington National
Cemetery near Peary's monument.
November,
20th


Estevanico: The Explorer
Estevanico (pronounced es-tay-vahn-EE-co), also called Estevan,
Esteban, Estebanico, Black Stephen, and Stephen the Moor (1503?-1539)
was a Muslim slave from northern Africa (Azamor, Morocco)
who was one of the early explorers of the Southwestern United
States.
Estevanico was the slave of Andrés Dorantes de Carranza,
who took him on the Narváez expedition to Tampa Bay,
Florida, in 1528. A series of hurricanes and fights with Native
Americans killed many of the crew, and the pilot of the ship
sailed to Mexico abandoning the men. The 250 to 300 stranded
men hastily made 5 makeshift rafts on which they sailed west,
hoping to reach a Spanish settlement in Mexico. Three rafts
sank, but the two surviving rafts (carrying 80 men) landed
at Galveston Island (off what is now Texas). Narvaez did not
survive.
After a very cold winter with very little food, only 15 men
survived. In spring, the men traveled west by land, walking
along the Colorado River. By 1533, there were only four survivors,
including Estevanico, Carranza, Cabeza de Vaca, and Alonso
Castillo Maldonado. The men were enslaved by some Indian tribes
along the way, and were helped by other tribes. They were
the first non-natives to travel in this area of the southwestern
North America.
The four men finally reached the Spanish settlement of Culiacan
in early 1536 (8 years after being stranded in Florida). Later
that year they reached Mexico City, where they were welcomed
by the Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza.
Carranza then sold Estevanico to the Viceroy. The Viceroy
sent Estevanico on an expedition in 1539 with the Franciscan
Fray Marcos de Niza. Francisco de Coronado outfitted Estevanico
for this trip to find the fabled seven cities of Cibola. On
this trip, Estevanico was killed by Zuni Indians as he entered
their pueblo (supposedly at the fabled city of Cíbola).
For more information on Estevanico go to www.estevanico.org
December,
5th

A man with dreams
Jessie Owens (1913- 1980)
"We all have dreams. But in order to make dreams come
into reality, it takes an awful lot of determination, dedication,
self-discipline, and effort".
The Berlin Olympics of 1936 were to be the crowning showcase
of the National Socialist Government in Germany. They would
prove on an international stage that Aryan supremacy was a
living reality. The Nazi establishment carefully choreographed
the Olympics to support their ideology. There was one thing,
however, that they did not count on – a black man by
the name of James Cleveland Owens.
Twenty-two-year-old American Jesse Owens didn't care much
for Hitler's politics—or any politics for that matter.
He just wanted to show off his immense skills and represent
his country to the best of his abilities. Owens won four gold
medals while breaking 11 Olympic records and defeating Germany's
Lutz Lang in a very close long jump final. The German was
the first to congratulate Owens when the long jump final was
over.
While German officials denounced Owens, an overwhelming majority
of the German fans treated him like a hero. In 1984, a street
in Berlin was named in his honor.
In 1976, he was awarded the Medal of Freedom.
January,
2nd

Rosa Parks
(1931-)
Civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks was photographed by Alabama
cops following her February 1956 arrest during the Montgomery
bus boycotts. The booking photo, taken when Parks was
43, was discovered in July 2004 by a deputy cleaning out
a Montgomery County Sheriff's Department storage room.