Understanding Fusion:

Theoretical Research

Why do theoretical research?

Theoretical research is a critical component of many scientific fields, because it leads to a greater understanding of the exact science behind experimental results. This is certainly true in fusion research. Several major improvements in experimental design have resulted from the attainment of physical understanding of fusion processes. This theoretical knowledge is developed through the use of computer modeling programs. Without this understanding, most advances in efficiency would result only from increasing the scale of the project. With the aid of computers, new ideas can be tested and developed much more quickly and cheaply.

Theoretical researcher at M.I.T. uses computer simulations to study fusion. Image courtesy of (link)

Plasma turbulence is one example where simulations and modeling have been essential in mitigating a problem. Turbulence leads to a quicker loss of heat from the plasma to the outside environment, and has been a major problem in the past. However, computer simulations allowed new designs to be tested, and a solution to the problem was found. Researchers discovered that generating a plasma flow would diminish turbulence, and subsequent experimental tests proved this to be the case.

In addition, computer modeling helps researchers to interpret their experiments. Results observed in models can be looked for in experiments, helping researchers to apply cause-and-effect relationships that models can determine. The graph to the right shows one such case where theoretical and experimental results were compared.

Image courtesy of (link)

Should theoretical research be a priority?

Theoretical research has been an underutilized aspect of fusion technology, partly because computers have only recently become accessible that are powerful enough to effectively model the complexities of fusion. This development creates an opportunity to increase the emphasis on theory and modeling. If theoretical research efforts were expanded to supplant some of the experimental work, the large fusion research budget could be decreased without necessarily diminishing results. Whereas it is extremely expensive to build fusion reactors and carry out experimental research, theoretical research requires little more than the purchase of a computer and the payment of the researchers. Though experimental research is eventually needed, computer simulations can help maximize the cost-effectiveness of such research.

Click on the link to learn about: Cold Fusion

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