~ Handbook:Analysis ~


The more deeply you mine Shakespeare's language, the better. For your essays in this course, quotation alone is seldom sufficient to make your point. Analyze the language and explain how and why a quotation supports your argument. If you've ended a paragraph with a quotation, check whether you've forgotten to analyze and explain.

For instance, in A Midsummer Night's Dream Titania tells Oberon that she will not give him the changeling child. There are lots of ways to convey such information. Here's how Titania does it:

The fairy land buys not the child of me.
Her mother was a vot'ress of my order,
And in the spiced Indian air, by night,
Full often hath she gossiped by my side,
And sat by me on Neptune's yellows sands,
Marking th'embarked traders on the flood;
Where we have laughed to see the sails conceived,
And grow big-bellied with the wanton wind;
Which she, with pretty and with swimming gait
Following -- her womb then rich with my young squire --
Would imitate, and sail upon the land,
And fetch me trifles,and return again,
As from a voyage, rich with merchandise. (2.1.122-135)

Your analysis of Titania's language would probably pay attention to the way she animates the scene -- makes it seem to live -- not only the by invoking literal movement (the ships sailing, the woman running with a "swimming gait") but by comparing the ship's sails to a pregant woman's belly, and by making "the wanton wind" the metaphorical father. The animate and the inanimate wonderfully "imitate" one another, as the ship mimics a pregant woman and as the pregrant woman mimics the ship. You'd probably want to notice that the sea-side scene is also a site of mercantile endeavor: Titania's language expands beyond the supposed limits of the play's fiction to include the busy world of Elizabethan trade, with its profitable but dangerous voyages to the East Indian spice islands. You might analyze the rich metaphor implied when Titania calls her mortal follower a "vot'ress of her order." Of course you'd have to look up wthe word "voteress" or "votary," preferably in the Oxford English Dictionary, to see how the mercantile imagery is infused with a (possibly conflicting) religious sense. You'd want to think what's at stake in the idea of an "order" of women dedicated to Titania, and how that idea fits with other suggestions about gender relationships in the language of the passage and of the play as a whole.