Dynaflow Chapter 9.2d

9.2.1 Element Control Information

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

Element_name list [none] Element name

Element_shape list [none] Element shape (see Appendix D)

eight_node_brick

twenty_node_brick

six_node_wedge

fifteen_node_wedge

four_node_tetra

ten_node_tetra

four_node_quad

eight_node_quad

nine_node_quad

three_node_tri

six_node_tri

two_node_line

three_node_line

Analysis_type list [plane] Analysis type:

one_dimensional One-dimensional

plane Two-dimensional / plane strain

axisymmetric Axisymmetric

three_dimensional Three-dimensional

(1) Finite_deformation list [off] Finite deformation option

on / off

Large_strains list [off] Large strains option

on / off

Numerical_integration list [full] Numerical integration option:

reduced If reduced: one-point Gaussian quadrature

full

extended

over_extended

over_over_extended

Strain_displacement list [*] Strain-displacement option:

standard Standard formulation

bbar_select Selective-reduced integration

bbar_mean Mean-dilatational formulation

(2) Incompatible_modes list [off] Incompatible modes option

on / off

Mass_type list [lumped] Mass type

lumped / consistent If lumped: row-sum technique

(cont’d)

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

(3) Free_field list [off] Free field option

on / off

(4) Upwinding_type list [off] Upwinding option:

off No upwinding

optimal Optimal rule

asymptotic Doubly asymptotic approximation

critical Critical approximation

(4) Upwinding_viscosity list [*] Artificial viscosity for upwinding:

spatial Spatial criterion

temporal Temporal criterion

Number_of_stress_points integer [*] Number of stress points option:

= 1, one stress point

Default: one per integration point

Implicit_explicit_type list [*] Implicit/explicit option:

implicit Implicit element

explicit Explicit element

implicit_explicit Implicit-explicit element

Eigen_implicit_explicit_type list [*] Eigenvalue solution implicit/explicit option:

implicit Implicit element

explicit Explicit element

implicit_explicit Implicit-explicit element

(5) Fluid_type list [*] Fluid option:

incompressible Incompressible

compressible Compressible

(6) Stabilization list [on] Stabilization option

on / off

(7) Excess_pore_fluid integer [0] Pore fluid pressure reference option:

= 0, Total pressure

= 1, Excess pressure w.r.t. hydrostatic

Fluid_cavitation list [off] Fluid cavitation option

on / off

Number_of_geometric_sets integer [0] Number of geometric sets

Body_force_load_time integer [0] Body force load-time function number

Temperature_load_time integer [0] Temperature load time function number

(cont’d)

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

(8) Permeability_load_time integer [0] Permeability load-time function number

(9) Fluid_bulk_load_time integer [0] Fluid bulk load-time function number

(10) Xfem_option list [off] Xfem option

on / off

(10) Link_to_crack element(s) list [none] Link to crack element groups; name(s)

must be enclosed in quotation marks

(10) Link_to_grain_boundary list [none] Link to grain boundary; name(s) must

be enclosed in quotation marks

Link_to_level_set list [none] Link to level set groups; name(s) must

be enclosed in quotation marks

(11) Coupling list [on] Coupling solid-fluid option

on / off

(11) Porosity_update list [off] Porosity update option

on / off

(11) Component_number integer [1] Component number

(11)     Component_name                          string   [none] Component name; name(s) must be
                 CO2                                                                        enclosed in quotation marks.
                 NaCl
                 CH4
                 H2S
                 H2O

            eos_integration                                 list       [*]     eos numerical integration
                 reduced
                 full

(11) Number_of_wells integer [0] Number of wells, Nwells

(11) Mass_fraction list [on] Mass fraction option (cmi_QDCZ)

on / off

(11) Mole_fraction list [off] Mole fraction option (cmi_QDCZ)

on / off

(12) Fluid_cell_pressures list [off] Fluid cell pressures option

on / off

(12) Number_of_pressure_load_cases integer [0] Number of pressure load cases

EXAMPLE

Element_Group /

name = "Group 1" /

element_type = continuum /

element_shape = four_node_quad /

number_of_material_sets = 1 /

element_name = QDC_Porous /

analysis_type = axisymmetric /

strain_displacement = bbar_mean /

number_of_output_sets = 1

Stress_Model /

material_type = linear /

material_name = linear_elastic

material_set_number = 1 /

youngs_modulus = 1.0E4 /

poissons_ratio = 0.25 /

solid_mass_density = 2.0 /

fluid_mass_density = 1.0 /

porosity = 0.30

Scalar_Diffusion_Model /

material_type = linear /

material_name = scalar_diffusion

material_set_number = 1 /

mass_density = 1.00E+00 /

compressiblity = 1.0E-06 /

permeability /

type = isotropic /

k_11 = 1.60E-03

Body_force b_x1=0.00 b_x2=0.00 h=0.00

Field_output

58 0 17

Nodal_connectivity etc...

Notes/

(1) If finite_deformation = on, output strains are Lagrangian. Otherwise, output strains are "infinitesimal".

(2) Only applicable to four_node_quad and eight_node_brick elements.

(3) This option requires that inside and outside free_field nodes data be defined (see Section 7.5.4).

(4) Applicable to ALE and/or fluid cases.

(5) Only applicable to fluid and/or porous media cases.

(6) Applicable to incompressible or near-incompressible mixed formulations.

(7) Only applicable to porous media.

(8) Only applicable to porous media. Allows a variable permeability to be prescribed.

(9) Allows a variable fluid bulk modulus to be prescribed.

(10) Only applicable to Xfem procedures.

(11) Only applicable to multi-phase fluid flow problems.

(12) Only applicable to QDC_SOLID.

9.2.2 Material Data

Material data must be defined for the element group. Consult Chapter 10 for the required input of the individual material models. Note that for some elements, it may be required that both a stress_material_model and a heat_conduction_model or a scalar_diffusion_model be prescribed.

9.2.3 Geometric Data

GEOMETRIC_MODEL

GEOMETRIC_MODEL file_name = "<string>" , etc...

Define the geometry for the continum elements. Two options are available. The data may be read in using keywords or as a list (optionally from another file).

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

File_name string [none] File name (optional). Name must be enclosed

in quotation marks.

Input_format list [*] Select input format option

keywords / list

9.2.3.1 Geometric / Material Properties

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

• Keywords Read Method

Geometric_set_number integer [1] Geometric set number Number_of_geometric_sets

Area real [0.0] Cross section area

Thickness real [0.0] Thickness

• List Read Method

Geometric data must follow in the form:

< Geometric_set_number, Area, Thickness >.

< terminate with a blank record >.

9.2.4 Substrate Data

SUBSTRATE_DATA

SUBSTRATE_DATA file_name = "<string>" , etc...

Define the substrate data.

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

File_name string [none] File name. Name must be enclosed in

quotation marks.

9.2.4.1 Material Properties

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

material_set_number integer [1] Material set number ≤ number_of_material

sets

(1) material_type list [none] Material type

linear_elastic

linear_viscous

visco_elastic

nonlinear_viscous

generalized_visco_elastic

elasto_plastic

thickness_small_h real [0.0] Thickness h

thickness_big_H real [0.0 Thickness H

viscosity real [0.0] Viscosity

Maxwell_shear_modules real [0.0] Shear modules

Kelvin_shear_modules real [0.0] Shear modules

number_of_coefficients integer [1] Number of coefficients (≤ 2)

mhu_1 real [0.0] Shear modules

eta_1 real [0.0] Viscosity

(cont’d)

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

mhu_2 real [0.0] Shear modules

eta_2 real [0.0] Viscosity

power_exponent real [0.0] Power exponent n

Poissons_ratio real [0.0] Poisson’s ratio

Yield_strength real [0.0] Yield strength Y

Thermal_expansion_coeff real [0.0] Thermal expansion coefficient

Temperature_load_time integer [0] Temperature load time function

initial_shear_1 real [0.0] Initial shear stress

initial_shear_2 real [0.0] Initial shear stress

Notes/

(1) The material may be selected as:

- Linear_elastic:

- Linear_viscous:

- Visco_elastic:

- Nonlinear_viscous:

- Generalized_visco_elastic:

with

- Elasto_plastic:

with

(elastic stress)

(thermal elastic strain)

(elastic stress)

9.2.5 Body Force Data (units: L/T²)

BODY_FORCE

BODY_FORCE b_x1 = b(1) , ... etc

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

(1) b_x1 real [0.0] Body force component in the x₁ direction

b_x2 real [0.0] Body force component in the x₂ direction

b_x3 real [0.0] Body force component in the x₃ direction

b_force real [0.0] Body force (scalar case)

h_source real [0.0] Heat source

(2) injection_rate_phase_i real [0.0] mass source/sink in phase i

Notes/

(2) Body force load multipliers are used to define the components of the gravity vector b with respect to the global (x₁, x₂, x₃) coordinate system, e.g., in SI units, b = {0.0, -9.81, 0.0} for the case x₂ vertical and oriented positively upward, with g = 9.81 m/s² and _w = 10³ kg/m³.

(2) Only applicable to multi-phase flows.

9.2.6 Well Data

9.2.6.1 Injection Well Data

INJECTION_WELLS

INJECTION_WELLS ------------ file_name = “<string>”, etc…

iwell, ne, ltime, icomp, iphase, fwell, etc...

< etc..., terminate with a blank record >.

Define the injection wells.

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

File_name string [none] File name. Name must be enclosed

in quotation marks.

Input_format list [*] Input format option

keywords

list

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

well_number integer [0] Well number, (iwell ≤ Nwells)

element_number integer [0] Element number, (ne)

node_number integer [0] Node number (inode)

load_time_function_number integer [0] Load time function number, (ltime)

component_name string [none] Component name. Name must be

enclosed in quotation marks

injection_unit list [*] Injection unit (iunit)

total_mass iunit=1

mass_per_unit_volume iunit=0

injection_rate real [0.0] Injection rate, (fwell)

fwell>0 : injection

fwell<0 : extraction

· List Input Case

Injection well data must follow in the form:

< iwell, ne, ltime, inode, jcomp, iphase, iunit, fwell, inc, ne_last, iwell = 1, Nwells >

< terminate with a blank record >

9.2.6.2 Production Well Data

PRODUCTION_WELLS

PRODUCTION_WELLS file_name = “<string>”, etc…

iwell, ne, ltime, etc…

< etc..., terminate with a blank record >.

Define the production wells.

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

File_name string [none] File name. Name must be enclosed

in quotation marks.

Input_format list [*] Input format option

keywords

list

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

well_number integer [0] Well number, (iwell ≤ Nwells)

element_number integer [0] Element number, (ne)

load_time_function_number integer [0] Load time function number, (ltime)

bottom_hole_pressure real [0.0] Bottom hole pressure (p_wb)

skin_factor real [0.0] Skin factor (s_w)

well_radius real [0.0] Well radius (r_w)

well_length real [0.0] Well length (H_w)

well_axis_e₁ real [0.0] Well axis component 1 (e₁)

well_axis_e₂ real [0.0] Well axis component 2 (e₂)

well_axis_e₃ real [-1.0] Well axis component 3 (e₃)

· List Input Case

Injection well data must follow in the form:

< iwell, ne, ltime, p_wb, s_w, r_w, H_w, e₁, e₂, e₃, inc, ne_last, iwell = 1, Nwells >

< terminate with a blank record >

Notes/

Production wells may operate on deliverability against a prescribed flowing bottom hole pressure p_wb with a productivity index PI. With this option, the mass production rate of phase from within an element with phase pressure is:

where

r_w= well radius, H_w = well length, s_w = skin factor, k = permeability (e.g., for a vertical well along the z-axis, ), and r = element radius (e.g., ).

The rate of production of component j is computed as:

where mass fraction of component j in phase .

9.2.7 Fluid Cell Pressures Data

CELL_PRESSURE_LOADS

load_case_number = le, etc….

Define the fluid cell pressure load cases.

Note Variable Name Type Default Description

load_case_number integer [0] load case number

load_time_function_number integer [0] load time function number

scaling_factor real [1.0] scaling factor

File_name string [none] File name. Name must be enclosed

in quotation marks.

· cell pressure data must follow in the form:

9.2.8 Nodal Connectivity Data

Consult Chapter 11 for details. For this element NEN = number of nodes used to define the element (see Fig. 9.2.0.1). For instance: NEN = 2 in one-dimension, NEN = 4 in two-dimension, and NEN = 8 in three-dimension.

9.2.9 Output History Requests

FIELD_OUTPUT

n, ng, ntemp(1), ntemp(2), etc...

< etc..., terminate with a blank record >.

Plots of various element response components may be obtained. Each component requested is plotted versus time. Plots of this type are useful in providing quick information concerning the time history behavior of important data. The total number of components to be plotted must equal Number_output_sets, which is defined on the element group control command (see Section 9.1.1).

Note Variable Default Description

(1) N [0] Element number 1 and NUMEL

(2) NG [0] Generation increment 0

(3) NTEMP(1) [0] Component number 1 and NCOMP

NTEMP(2) [0] Component number 1 and NCOMP

. .

etc. . .

. .

NTEMP(8) [0] Component number 1 and NCOMP

Notes/

(1) Element components history output data must be input for elements at which the time history of one or more components is to be plotted. Terminate with a blank record.

(2) Element components history output data can be generated by employing a two record sequence as follows:

Record 1: L, LG, LTEMP(1),..., LTEMP(8)

Record 2: N, NG, NTEMP(1),..., NTEMP(8)

The output time history requests of all elements:

L+LG, L+2*LG,..., N-MOD(N-L,LG)

(i.e., less than N) are set equal to those of element L. If LG is zero, no generation takes place between L and N.

(3) Up to three (1D case), seventeen (2D case) and nineteen (3D case) different component numbers may be plotted. The corresponding component numbers and output labels are as follows.

Notes from 9.2.9 (cont'd)

Table 9.2.9

One Dimensional Kinematics (NCOMP=3)

Component Number Description Output Label

1 Normal stress 11 S11

2 Strain 11 E11

3 Fluid pressure/Temperature PF

Two Dimensional Kinematics (NCOMP=17)

Component Number Description Output Label

1 Normal stress 11 S11

2 Normal stress 22 S22

3 Normal stress 33 S33

4 Shear stress 12 S12

5 Principal stress 1 PS1

6 Principal stress 2 PS2

7 Shear stress PTAU

8 Stress angle (between PS1 and X1) SANG

9 Strain 11 E11

10 Strain 22 E22

11 Strain 33 E33

12 Engineering shear strain 12 G12

13 Principal strain 1 PE1

14 Principal strain 2 PE2

15 Engineering shear strain PGAM

16 Strain angle (between PE1 and X1) EANG

17 Fluid pressure/Temperature PF

Notes from 9.2.9 (cont'd)

Three Dimensional Kinematics (NCOMP=19)

Component Number Description Output Label

1 Normal stress 11 S11

2 Normal stress 22 S22

3 Normal stress 33 S33

4 Shear stress 12 S12

5 Shear stress 23 S23

6 Shear stress 31 S31

7 Principal stress 1 PS1

8 Principal stress 2 PS2

9 Principal stress 3 PS3

10 Strain 11 E11

11 Strain 22 E22

12 Strain 33 E33

13 Engineering shear strain 12 G12

14 Engineering shear strain 23 G23

15 Engineering shear strain 31 G31

16 Principal strain 1 PE1

17 Principal strain 2 PE2

18 Principal strain 3 PE3

19 Fluid pressure/Temperature PF

Notes . .