Wednesday, 9:00-11:50

Reporter: Emily Brock

Secondary
Peter Dear, Discipline & Experience, Ch. 6, "Art, Nature, Metaphor"
S. Lelas, "Science as Technology", Brit. J. Phil. Sci. 44(1993), 423-42
J.E. Tiles,  "Experiment as Intervention", Brit. J. Phil. Sci. 44(1993), 463-75

Background
Paolo Rossi, Philosophy, Technology, and the Arts in the Early Modern Era
Ian Hacking, Representing and Intervening

Reporter: Carla Makler

Secondary
Alan Gabbey, "Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy: A Treatise on 'Mechanics'?", in P.M. Harman and A.E.Shapiro (eds),The Investigation of Difficult Things,  305-322
Michael S. Mahoney, "The Determination of Time and of Longitude at Sea", in H.J.M Bos, et al, Studies on Christiaan Huygens, 234-270
Michael S. Mahoney, "The Mathematical Realm of Nature", in D.E. Garber et al.(eds.), Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy, Vol. I, pp. 702-55
Otto Mayr, Authority, Liberty, and Automatic Machinery in Early Modern Europe, Ch. 3,  "The Clockwork Universe"

Background and Additional References
See syllabus for HIS 591, Spring '97
 

Reporter: Matt Wisnioski

Secondary
M. Norton Wise,  "Work and Waste: Political Economy and Natural Philosophy in Nineteenth Century Britain", History of Science 27(1989), 263-301, 391-449; 28(1990), 221-61
Wise, "Mediating Machines", Science in Context 2,1(1988), 77-113

Background and Additional References
Crosbie Smith, The Science of Energy

Reporter:   Joe November

Secondary
Michael A. Arbib, "A Historical Perspective [on Cybernetics]",  in his Brains, Machines, and Mathematics, 2nd. ed. Chap. 1
Peter Galison, "The Ontology of the Enemy: Norbert Wiener and the Cybernetic Vision," Critical Inquiry 21 (1994): 228-265
David A. Mindell, "'Datum for it Own Annihilation:' Feedback, Contol, and Computing, 1916-1945" (Ph.D., MIT, 1996), Chapter 9 
Geof Bowker, "How to be Universal: Some Cybernetic Strategies, 1943-70," Soc. Stud. Sci. 23 (1993): 107-27
H. Kalmus, "A Cybernetical Aspect of Genetics," Journal of Heredity 41 (1950): 19-22 
Robert Trappl, ed. Cybernetics: Theory and Application (Washington: Hemisphere, 1983); students should look at the range of fields covered under "Applications"

Background and Additional References
Otto Mayr, The origins of feedback control
Steven J. Heims, The Cybernetics Group, 1946-1953: Constructing a Social Science for Postwar America

Reporter:   Tania Munz

Secondary
William Aspray, "The Scientific Conceptualization of Information: A Survey," Annals of the History of Computing 7:2 (1985): 117-140
Mindell, Chapter 4
Sahotra Sarkar, "Biological Information: A Skeptical Look at Some Central Dogmas of Molecular Biology," The Philosophy and History of Molecular Biology: New Perspectives (Kluwer, 1996), pp. 187-231
Evelyn Fox Keller, "The Body of a New Machine: Situating the Organism Between the Telegraph and the Computer," last essay in Refiguring Life: Metaphors of Twentieth-Century Biology (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995). 
Lily E. Kay, "Cybernetics, Information, Life: The Emergence of Scriptural Representations of Heredity", Configurations 5(1997), 23-91; and "Who Wrote the Book of Life? Information and the Transformation of Molecular Biology," Science in Context 8 (1995): 609-34.

Background and Additional References
Lila L. Gatlin, Information Theory and the Living System (Columbia U.P., 1972), Chaps. 1,6,7
Francois Jacob, The Logic of Life: A History of Heredity (Pantheon, English translation 1973, French 1970)
John R. Pierce, An Introduction to Information Theory: Symbols, Signals and Noise (NY: Harper, 1961; 2nd. rev. ed., NY: Dover, 1980)

Secondary
Margaret Schabas, "Alfred W. Marshall, W. Stanley Jevons, and the mathematization of economics", ISIS 80(1989): 60-73; cf. her A World Ruled by Number: William Stanley Jevons and the Rise of Mathematical Economics (1990)
Robert J. Leonard, "Creating a context for game theory", in E. Roy Weintraub (ed.), Toward a History of Game Theory, 29-76
Philip Mirowski, "What were von Neuman and Morgenstern trying to accomplish?", ibid., 113-147

Background and Additional References
Philip Mirowski, More heat than light: Economics as social physics, Physics as nature's economics (1989) [a controversial book; cf. "Review Symposium on Philip Mirowski's 'More Heat than Light ...", Philosophy of the Social Sciences 22(1992), 77-141, esp. the critique of M. Norton Wise]
Bruna Ingrao and Giorgio Israel, The invisible hand: Economic equilibrium in the history of science (1990)
Mary S. Morgan, The history of econometric ideas

Reporter:   Jane Murphy

M.S. Mahoney, "Computer Science:  The Search for a Mathematical Theory", in J. Echeverria, A. Ibarra and T. Mormann (eds.), The Space of Mathematics (Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, 1992), 347-61
Robert Rosen, "Church's Thesis and Its Relation to the Concept of Realizability in Biology and Physics", Bull. Math. Biophysics 24(1962), 375-393 
Robert Rosen, "Effective Processes and Natural Law", in The Universal Turing Machine, ed. R. Herken, 485-98
B. Jack Copeland, "The Church-Turing Thesis", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, s.v.

Background and Additional References
Andrew Hodges, Alan Turing, The Enigma (visit Hodge's extensive Turing home page, which includes a link to a working Turing Machine applet) 
William Aspray, John von Neumann and the Origins of Modern Computing

Reporter:  Craig Cornelius

Secondary
Allen Newell, "Intellectual Issues in the History of Artificial Intelligence", in Fritz Machlup and Una Mansfeld (eds.), The Study of Information: Interdisciplinary Messages, 187-227 

Background and Additional References
Margaret A. Boden (ed.), The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence (includes Turing's and Searle's papers)
Hubert L. Dreyfus, What Computers Can't Do (Harper & Row, 1972) 
Marvin Minsky, The Society of Mind (Simon and Schuster, 1986) 
Daniel Crevier, AI: The Tumultuous History of the Search for Artificial Intelligence (Basic Books, 1993) 

Secondary
Noam Chomsky, The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory, 1-53 ("Introduction 1973")
Sheila A. Greibach, "Formal languages: Origins and directions", Annals of the History of Computing 3,1(1981), 14-41

Background and Additional References
Gary William Flake, The Computational Beauty of Nature
Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and Aristid Lindenmayer, The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants (Springer Verlag, 1990), esp. Chap.1 
John H. Holland, Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity
Terrence W. Deacon, The Symbolic Species : The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain (for a critique of Chomsky's basic premise)

Reporter:  James Platts-Mills

Secondary
Claus Emmeche, The Garden in the Machine: The Emerging Science of Artificial Life

Background and Additional References
Richard Doyle, On Beyond Living: Rhetorical Transformations of the Life Sciences, Chap. 7, "Emergent Power: Vitality and Theology in Artificial Life" 
Stefan Helmreich, Silicon Second Nature: Culturing Artificial Life in a Digital World
John L. Casti, Alternate Realities: Mathematical Models of Nature and Man, Chap. 2

Background and Additional References
John M. Ellis, Against Deconstruction
Laura Landweber's Freshman Seminar on DNA Computing