We study political activism by several
interest
groups with private signals. When their ideological distance to the
policy
maker is small, a "low-trust" regime prevails: agents frequently lobby
even
when it is unwarranted, taking advantage of the confirmation provided
by
others' activism; conversely, the policy maker responds only to
generalized
pressure. When ideological distance is large, a "high-trust" regime
prevails:
lobbying behavior is disciplined by the potential contradiction from
abstainers,
and the policy maker's response threshold is correspondingly lower.
Within
some intermediate range, both equilibria coexist. We then study the
optimal
organization of influence activities, contrasting welfare levels when
interest
groups act independently and when they coordinate. We identify the
situations
where they agree that coordination is best, or that non-coordination is
best
(in this case the lobbyists would like to commit not to coordinate, or
to
be prohibited from doing it), as well as those settings in which they
disagree.