@string{ISCAs = {Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture}}
@string{ASPLOSs = {Int'l Conf. on Architectural Support for Programming
                  Languages and Operating Systems}}
@string{MICROs = {Int'l Symp. on Microarchitecture}}
@string{HPCAs = {Int'l Symp. on High-Performance Computer Architecture}}
@string{ICSs = {Int'l Conf. on Supercomputing}}
@string{PACTs = {Int'l Conf. on Parallel Architectures and Compilation
                  Techniques}}
@string{SOSPs = {Symp. on Operating System Principles}}
@string{PLDIs = {ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Languages
                  Design and Implementation}}

@string{ISCA8 = "Proc. ISCA-8"}
@string{ISCA11 = "Proc. ISCA-11"}
@string{ISCA14 = "Proc. of the 14th Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture"}
@string{ISCA17 = "Proc. ISCA-17"}
@string{ISCA18 = "Proc. ISCA-18"}
@string{ISCA19 = "Proc. ISCA-19"}
@string{ISCA20 = "Proc. of the 20th Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture"}
@string{ISCA21 = "Proc. of the 21st Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture"}
@string{ISCA22 = "Proc. of the 22nd Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture"}
@string{ISCA23 = "Proc. of the 23rd Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture"}
@string{ISCA24 = "Proc. of the 24th Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture"}
@string{ISCA25 = "Proc. of the 25th Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture"}
@string{ISCA26 = "Proc. of the 26th Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture"}
@string{ISCA27 = "Proc. of the 27th Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture"}

@string{ASPLOSIII = "Proc. ASPLOS-III"}
@string{ASPLOSIV = "Proc. ASPLOS-IV"}
@string{ASPLOSV = "Proc. ASPLOS-V"}
@string{ASPLOSVI = "Proc. ASPLOS-VI"}
@string{ASPLOSVII = {Proceedings of the 7th Int'l Conf. on Architectural 
Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS-VII)}}
@string{ASPLOSVIII = {Proceedings of the 8th Int'l Conf. on Architectural 
Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS-VIII)}}

@string{MICRO24 = "Proc. Micro-24"}
@string{MICRO25 = "Proc. Micro-25"}
@string{MICRO26 = "Proc. Micro-26"}
@string{MICRO27 = "Proc. Micro-27"}
@string{MICRO28 = "Proc. Micro-28"}
@string{MICRO29 = "Proc. of the 29th Int'l Symp. on Microarchitecture"}
@string{MICRO30 = "Proc. of the 30th Int'l Symp. on Microarchitecture"}
@string{MICRO31 = "Proc. of the 31st Int'l Symp. on Microarchitecture"}
@string{MICRO32 = "Proc. of the 32nd Int'l Symp. on Microarchitecture"}
@string{MICRO33 = "Proc. of the 33rd Int'l Symp. on Microarchitecture"}

@string{HPCA3 = "Proc. of the 3rd Int'l Symp. on High-Performance Computer Architecture"}
@string{HPCA5 = "Proc. of the 5th Int'l Symp. on High-Performance Computer Architecture"}
% "Proceedings of the Third " # HPCAs}}
@string{ICS98 = "Proc. 12th ICS"}
%"Proceedings of the 12th " # ICSs}}
@string{SOSP14 = "Proc. SOSP-14"}


@book{ HennPatt,
    author = " J. L. Hennessy and D. A. Patterson",
    title =   "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach",
    year = { 1996},
    publisher = "Morgan Kaufman Publishers"
}
@inproceedings{ mediabench,
    author = " C. Lee and M. Potkonjak and W. H. Mangione-Smith",
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@article{liu-svensson,
author =        {D. Liu and C. Svensson},
title =         "Power consumption estimation in {CMOS VLSI} chips",
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pages = "663--670",
year =          1994,
month =         Jun,
}

@article{simplescalar-can,
author =        {D. Burger and T. M. Austin},
title =         "{The SimpleScalar Tool Set, Version 2.0}",
journal =   {Computer Architecture News},
pages = "13--25",
year =          1997,
month =         Jun,
}

@techreport{null_arith,
author =	{Stephen E. Richardson},
title =		{Caching Function Results: Faster Arithmetic by Avoiding Unnecessary Computation},
type = 		"Tech. Report",
institution =   "Sun Microsystems Laboratories",
month =		Sep,
year =		1992,
number = 	"TR-92-1",
}

@unpublished{spec95,
        author = "{The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation}",
        title = "{WWW Site}",
        note = "http://www.specbench.org",
	month = Dec,
        year = "1996"}

@book{henn_patt2,
        author = "John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson",
        key    = "Hennessy",
        title  = "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach",
        publisher = "Morgan Kaufman Publishers, Inc.",
        address = "San Mateo, California",
	note = "Second Edition",
        year   = 1995}

@techreport{simplescalar,
author =	{D. Burger and T. M. Austin and S. Bennett},
title =		{Evaluating Future Microprocessors: the {S}imple{S}calar
                  Tool Set},
institution =	{Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison Computer Sciences Dept.},
number =	"TR-1308",
type =		"Tech. Report",
year =		1996,
month =		"July",
annote =	{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~austin/simplescalar.html}
}

@inproceedings{manne_conf,
author =	{D. Grunwald and A. Klauser and S Manne and
                  A. Pleszkun},
title =		{Confidence Estimation for Speculation Control},
booktitle =	ISCA25,
month =		"June",
year =		1998,
pages = 	{122-31}
}

@InProceedings{zivojnovic-icassp94,
  author    =    "V. Zivojnovic and S. Ritz and H. Meyr",
  title     =    "Retiming of DSP Pograms for Optimum Vectorization", 
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the International Conference of Acoustics,
                  Speech and Signal Processing",
  volume    =    2,
  pages     =    "465-468",
  month     =    "April",
  year      =    1994
}

@InProceedings{ritz-icassp95,
  author    =    "S. Ritz and M. Willems and H. Meyr",
  title     =    "Scheduling for Optimum Data Memory Compaction in Block Diagram
                  Oriented Software Synthesis", 
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics,
                  Speech, and Signal Processing",
  pages     =    "2651-2654",
  year      =    1995
}

@CONFERENCE{liao-vlsi95,
  author =       "S. Liao and S. Devadas and K. Keutzer", 
  title =        "Code Density Optimization for Embedded DSP Processors Using
                  Data Compression Techniques",  
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Chapel Hill Conference on Advanced Research
                  in VLSI", 
  year =         1995
}

@InProceedings{low-power-compile,
  author =       "V. Tiwari and S. Malik and A. Wolfe",
  title =        "{Compilation Techniques for Low Energy:  An Overview}", 
  booktitle =    "IEEE Solid-State Circuits Council 1994 Symposium on Low-Power
                  Electronics", 
  year =         1994
}
@InProceedings{chess,
  author =       "D. Lanneer and J.V. Praet and K. Schoofs and W. Geurts and A.
                  Kifli and F. Thoen and G. Goossens",
  title =        "{Chess: Retargetable Code Generation for Embedded DSP
                  Processors}",  
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Dagstuhl Workshop on Code Generation for
                  Embedded Processors",
  month     =    "August",
  year      =    1994
}

@InProceedings{wolfe-dac96,
  author =       "A. Wolfe",
  title =        "{Opportunities and Obstacles in Low-Power System-Level CAD}", 
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 33rd Design Automation Conference",
  year =         1996
}

@InProceedings{awolfe-vsp,
  author =       "S. Dutta and K. O'Connor and W. Wolf and A. Wolfe",
  title =        "{VLSI Issues for VLIW Video Signal Processors}", 
  booktitle =    "IEEE Workshop on VLSI Signal Processing",
  year =         1996
}

@InProceedings{conte,
  author =       "T.M. Conte and S. Banerjia and S.Y. Larin and K.N. Menezes and
                  S.W. Sathaye",
  title =        "{Instruction Fetch Mechanisms for VLIW Architectures with
                  Compressed Encodings}", 
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE/ACM International
                  Symposium on Microarchitecture",
  year =         1996
}

@InProceedings{vivek1,
  author =       "V. Tiwari and S. Malik and A. Wolfe",
  title =        "{Power Analysis of Embedded Software:  A First Step Towards
                  Software Power Minimization}",
  booktitle =    "IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems",
  volume =       2,
  pages =        "437-445",
  month =        "December",
  year =         1994
}

@InProceedings{vivek2,
  author =       "V. Tiwari and S. Malik and A. Wolfe",
  title =        "{Instruction Level Power Analysis and Optimization of
                  Software}", 
  booktitle =    "Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems",
  volume =       13,
  pages =        "223-238",
  year =         1996
}

@inproceedings{filter_cache,
author =	{Johnson Kin, Munish Gupta and William H. Mangione-Smith},
title =		{The Filter Cache: An Energy Efficient Memory Structure},
booktitle =	MICRO30,
month =		"Nov.",
year =		1997
}

@inproceedings{su_despain,
  TITLE = "{Cache Designs for Energy Efficiency}",
  AUTHOR = "C.L. Su and A.M. Despain",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Hawaii Int'l Conference on
		  System Science",
  year   = 1995
}

@inproceedings{kamble_ghose,
  TITLE = "{Analytical Energy Dissipation Models for Low Power Caches}",
  AUTHOR = "M. B. Kamble and K. Ghose",
  booktitle = "Proc. of Int'l Symposium on Low-Power Electronics and Design",
  year   = 1997
}

@inproceedings{azam_memo,
  TITLE = "{Low Power Data Processing by Elimination of Redundant Computations}",
  AUTHOR = "M. Azam and P. Franzon and W. Liu and Tom Conte",
  booktitle = "Proc. of Int'l Symposium on Low-Power Electronics and Design",
  year   = 1997
}

@inproceedings{wilton_jouppi,
  TITLE = "{An Enhanced Access and Cycle Time Model for On-chip Caches}",
  AUTHOR = "S. Wilton and N. Jouppi",
  booktitle = "WRL Research Report 93/5, DEC Western Research Laboratory",
  year   = 1994
}

@inproceedings{palacharla,
  TITLE = "{Complexity-Effective Superscalar Processors}",
  AUTHOR = "S. Palacharla and N. Jouppi and J.E. Smith",
  booktitle = ISCA24,
   year   = 1997
}

@inproceedings{palacharla_tech,
  TITLE = "{Quantifying the Complexity of Superscalar Processors}",
  AUTHOR = "S. Palacharla and N. Jouppi and J.E. Smith",
  year   = "1997",
  booktitle = "Univ. of Wisconsin Computer Science Tech. Report 1328"}
}

@inproceedings{manne_pipeline,
author =	{Srilatha Manne and Artur Klauser and Dirk Grunwald},
title =		{Pipeline Gating: Speculation Control for Energy Reduction},
booktitle =	ISCA25,
month =		"June",
year =		1998,
pages = 	{132-41}
}

@inproceedings{fill_unit,
author =	{Daniel H. Friendly and Sanjay J. Patel and Yale N. Patt},
title =		{Putting the Fill Unit to Work: Dynamic Optimizations for 
Trace Cache Microprocessors},
booktitle =	MICRO31,
month =		"Dec.",
year =		1998
}

@inproceedings{jacobson_preprocess,
author =	{Q. Jacobson and J.E. Smith},
title =		{Instruction Pre-Processing in Trace Processors},
booktitle =	HPCA5,
month =		Jan,
year =		1999
}

@inproceedings{isca_daisy,
author =	{Erik Altman and Kemal Ebcioglu},
title =		{{DAISY}: Dynamic Compilation for 100\% Architectural Compatibility},
booktitle =	ISCA24,
year =		1997,
month =		"June"
}


@article{zimmermann_fichtner,
author =        "R. Zimmermann and W. Fichtner",
title =         "Low-Power Logic Styles: {CMOS} Versus Pass-Transistor Logic",
journal =   {IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits},
pages = "1079-90",
volume = { 32} ,
number = {  7 },
year = {1997},
}

@ARTICLE{borah,
    AUTHOR = "M. Borah and R. Owens and M. Irwin",
    TITLE = "Transistor Sizing for Low Power {CMOS} Circuits",
    JOURNAL = "{IEEE} Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of
                  Integrated Circuits and Systems",
    VOLUME = "15",
    NUMBER = "6",
    PAGES = "665-71",
    year = 1996 }

@inproceedings{bahar,
author =	{R. I. Bahar and G. Albera and S. Manne},
title =		{Power and Performance Tradeoffs using Various Caching Strategies},
booktitle = "Proc. of Int'l Symposium on Low-Power Electronics and Design",
year = 1998
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{power_21264,
   TITLE = "Power Considerations in the Design of the {Alpha} 21264
                  Microprocessor",
   AUTHOR ="M. Gowan and L. Biro and D. Jackson",
   booktitle = "35th Design Automation Conference",
   year = 1998
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{power_ppro,
   TITLE = "Reducing Power in High-Performance Microprocessors",
   AUTHOR ="Vivek Tiwari and others",
   booktitle = "35th Design Automation Conference",
   year = 1998
}


@inproceedings{friendly_fetch,
author =	{D.H. Friendly and S.J. Patel and Y.N Patt},
title =		{Alternative fetch and issue techniques from the trace
cache fetch mechanism},
booktitle =	MICRO30,
month =		"Nov.",
year =		1997
}

@inproceedings{21264_clocking,
  TITLE = "{Clocking Design and Analysis for a 600MHz Alpha Microprocessor}",
  AUTHOR = "H. Fair and D. Bailey",
  booktitle = "ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers",
  pages = "398-399",
  month = "February",
  year   = 1998
}

@ARTICLE{strongarm,
  AUTHOR = "J. Montanaro and others",
  TITLE = "{A 160-MHz, 32-b, 0.5W CMOS RISC microprocessor}",
  JOURNAL = "Digital Technical Journal",
  VOLUME = "9",
  NUMBER = "2",
  PAGES = "49-62",
  year = 1996 }

@ARTICLE{21164_circuit,
  AUTHOR = "W. J. Bowhill and others",
  TITLE = "{Circuit Implementation of a 300-MHz 64-bit Second-generation CMOS Alpha CPU}",
  JOURNAL = "Digital Technical Journal",
  VOLUME = "7",
  NUMBER = "1",
  PAGES = "100-118",
  year = 1995 }

@inproceedings{zyuban_regfile,
author =	{V. Zyuban and P. Kogge},
title =		{The Energy Complexity of Register Files},
booktitle = "Proc. of Int'l Symposium on Low-Power Electronics and Design",
pages = "305-310",
year = 1998
}

@ARTICLE{gonzalez_horowitz,
  AUTHOR = "R. Gonzalez and M. Horowitz",
  TITLE = "{Energy Dissipation in General Purpose Microprocessors}",
  JOURNAL = "IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits",
  VOLUME = "31",
  NUMBER = "9",
  PAGES = "1277-84",
  year = 1996 }

@inproceedings{citron_memo,
        author = "Daniel Citron and Dror Feitelson and Larry Rudolph",
        title  = "Accelerating Multi-Media Processing by Implementing Memoing in Multiplication and Division Units",
        booktitle = ASPLOSVIII,
        pages = "252--261",
        month = Oct,
        year   = 1998}

@inproceedings{sodani_memo,
	author = "A. Sodani and G. Sohi",
	title  = "Dynamic Instruction Reuse",
	booktitle = ISCA24,
	month  = May,
	year   = 1997}

@inproceedings{chen_power,
	author = "R.Y. Chen and M.J. Irwin and R.S. Bajwa",
	title  = "An Architectural Level Power Estimator",
	booktitle = "Power-Driven Microarchitecture Workshop at ISCA25",
	month  = June,
	year   = 1998}

@inproceedings{ppc_throttle,
author =        {Hector Sanchez and others},
title =         "Thermal management system for high performance {PowerPC} microprocessors",
booktitle =     {Proceedings of CompCon '97},
year =          1997,
month =         {Feb.},
}

@article{g3-thermal,
author =        {Paul Reed and others},
title =         "250 {MHz} {5W RISC} microprocessor with on-chip {L2} cache controller",
journal =   {Digest of Technical Papers - IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference},
pages = "412",
volume = 40,
year = 1997
}

@article{sanchez-thermal,
author =        {Hector Sanchez and others},
title =         "Thermal management system for high performance PowerPC microprocessors",
journal =   {Digest of Papers - COMPCON - IEEE Computer Society International Conference},
pages = "325",
year = 1997
}

@inproceedings{dbrooks_hpca5,
author =	{D. Brooks and M. Martonosi},
title =		{Dynamically Exploiting Narrow Width Operands to Improve Processor Power and Performance},
booktitle =	HPCA5,
month =		Jan,
year =		1999
}

@inproceedings{dbrooks_isca27,
author =	{David Brooks and Vivek Tiwari and Margaret Martonosi},
title =		{Wattch: A Framework for Architectural-Level Power Analysis and Optimizations},
booktitle =	ISCA27,
month =		"June",
year =		2000,
}

@misc{transmeta_crusoe,
author = "{Transmeta Corp.}",
title = "{The Technology Behind the Crusoe Processor Whitepaper}",
year = 2000,
}

@misc{transmeta_embedded,
author = "{Marc Fleischmann}",
title = "{Crusoe Power Management: Cutting x86 Operating Power Through LongRun}",
howpublished = {Embedded Processor Forum},
month = "June",
year = 2000,
}

@inproceedings{pant_islped99,
author = {M.D. Pant and P. Pant and D.S. Wills and V. Tiwari},
title = {An architectural solution for the inductive noise problem due
to clock-gating},
booktitle = "Proc. of Int'l Symposium on Low-Power Electronics and Design",
month = "August",
year = 1999,
}

@inproceedings{infopad_voltage,
author = {T. Pering and T. Burd and R. Brodersen},
title = {The simulation and evaluation of dynamic voltage scaling algorithms},
booktitle = "Proceedings of International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design",
month = "August",
year = 1998,
}

@misc{ibm_patent,
author = "{C. Georgiou and S. Kirkpatrick and T. Larson}",
title = "{Variable Chip-clocking Mechanism}",
howpublished = {US Patent 5,189,314},
year = 1993
}

@misc{osamu_patent,
author = "{O. Ikeda}",
title = "{Power Saving Control System for a Computer System}",
howpublished = {US Patent 5,504,908},
year = 1996
}

@inproceedings{ghiasi_rate,
	author  = "S. Ghiasi and J. Casmira and D. Grunwald",
	title = "Using {IPC} Variation in Workloads with Externally Specified Rates to Reduce Power Consumption",
	booktitle = "Complexity-Effective Design at ISCA27",
	month  = "June",
	year   = 2000}

@ARTICLE{power_borkar,
author = "Shekhar Borkar",
title = "{Design Challenges of Technology Scaling}",
journal = "IEEE Micro",
year = 1999,
month = "July-August"
}

@article{power_gwennap,
author =	{L. Gwennap},
title =         {Power issues may limit future {CPUs}},
journal =       {Microprocessor Report},
year =          1996,
month =         {August},
}

@inproceedings{burd_circuits,
author = "T. Burd and T. Pering and A. Stratkos and R. Brodersen",
title = "A Dynamic Voltage Scaled Microprocessor System",
booktitle = "ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers",
  pages = "294-295",
  year   = 2000
}

@unpublished{ACPI,
    title="{Advanced Configuration and Power Interface}",
    note="http://www.teleport.com/~acpi/"
}

@inproceedings{torrellas_micro33,
author =	{W. Huang and J. Renau and S-M. Yoo and J. Torrellas},
title =		{A Framework for Dynamic Energy Efficiency and Temperature Management},
booktitle =	MICRO33,
month =		"Dec.",
year =		2000
}

@inproceedings{smith_fdo99,
author = {E. Rohou and M.D. Smith},
title = {Dynamically Managing Processor Temperature and Power},
booktitle = {2nd Workshop on Feedback-Directed Optimization},
month = "Nov.",
year = 1999
}

@inproceedings{brooks_wced2000,
author = {D. Brooks and M. Martonosi},
title = {Adaptive Thermal Management for High-Performance Microprocessors},
booktitle = {Workshop on Complexity Effective Design 2000 at ISCA27},
month = "June",
year = 2000,
}


@inproceedings{seng_iccd2000,
        author = "J.S. Seng and D.M. Tullsen and G. Cai",
        title  = "Power-Sensitive Multithreaded Architecture",
        booktitle = "International Conference on Computer Design 2000",
        month = "Sep.",
        year   = 2000
}