Arabic
   James Weinberger, jwwein@princeton.edu, 609-258-3279

• Wehr, Hans, [Arabisches Wörterbuch für Die Schriftsprache Der Gegenwart. English] A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic : (Arab.-Engl.) Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 1979.
  Firestone General and Humanities Reference & Near East Collection
  PJ6640 .W43 1979)
  Near East Graduate Study Room PJ6640 .W43 1979
  The most comprehensive Arabic-English dictionary of modern usage; organized alphabetically by the Arabic root; emphasis on Egyptian usage.
  
  
• Lane, Edward William, Arabic-English Lexicon. Cambridge, England : Islamic Texts Society, 1984.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference. PJ6640 .L3 1984)
  (Near East Collection. Firestone PJ6640 .L3 1984)
  [1980 Beirut edition]:
  Firestone Stacks Oversize PJ6640 .L3 1980q
  Near East Graduate Study Room. Firestone PJ6640 .L3 1980
  The best single source for classical Arabic usage.
  
  
• Lane, Edward William. An Arabic-English Lexicon, Derived From the Best And the Most Copious Eastern Sources. In Two Books:. [Original edition]
  Firestone Stacks Oversize 2257.56q
  Near East Collection. Firestone Oversize 2257.56q
  
  
• Hava, J. G. al-Far¯a'¯Id al-Durr¯Iyah, `Arab¯i-Inkil¯iz¯I : = Al-Faraid, Arabic-English Dictionary. Bayr¯ut : D¯ar al-Mashriq : Tawz¯i` al-Maktabah al-Sharq¯iyah, 1970.
  Near East Graduate Study Room. Firestone 2257.43 1970 ]
  May be used to supplement Wehr for some modern usage.

Chinese
    Martin Heijdra, mheijdra@princeton.edu, 609-258-5336

• Morohashi Tetsuji, Dai Kan-Wa jiten
  (East Asian Library PL677.5 .D35 oversize)
  Chinese-Japanese
  
  
• Zhong wen da ci dian
  (East Asian Library 5174/5042)
  Chinese-Chinese
  
  
• Han yu da zi dian
  (East Asian Library PL1420.H361)
  Chinese-Chinese; character dictionary
  
  
• Han yu da ci dian (PL1420.H36)
  (East Asian Library PL1420.H36)
  Chinese-Chinese; phrase dictionary
  
  
• Grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise (PL1459.F8 I677 2001)
  (East Asian Library PL1459.F8 I677 2001)
  Chinese-French, largest Western language dictionary
  
  
  

English
    John Logan, jlogan@princeton.edu, 609-258-3296

• The Oxford English Dictionary 2nd edition in 20 volumes.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference & (Scribner Room). PE1625 .O87 1989q)
  OED Online http://dictionary.oed.com/
  This is the major historical, etymological dictionary of the English language. The online edition includes updated 3rd edition entries and added quotations.
  
  
• The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed most recent as of this writing).
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference & Scribner Room. PE1628 .A623 2000)
  
  
• Dictionary of Old English Ann Arbor, Mich. : University of Michigan, Humanities Text Initiative 1998-
  http://ets.umdl.umich.edu/o/oec/
  Dictionary of Old English Project, Centre for Medieval Studies,University of Toronto. Offers the complete corpus of Old English in machine-readable form.
  
  
• Electronic Middle English Dictionary from the Middle English Compendium (MEC)
  http//ets.umdl.umich.edu/m/med/
  This electronic version of the MED preserves all the details of the print MED, but goes far beyond this, by converting its contents into an enormous database, searchable inways impossible within any print dictionary.
  
  
• Webster's third new international dictionary of the English
  language, unabridged / Springfield, Mass. : G. & C. Merriam Co., c1976.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference. PE1625 .W36 1976q)
  Contains 450,000 vocabulary entries.
  
  
• WordNet, an online lexicon from Princeton's Cognitive Science Laboratory http//ets.umdl.umich.edu/m/med/
  WordNet groups words "into synonym sets, each representing one underlying lexical concept. Different relations link the synonym sets".
  
  
  

French
    John Logan, jlogan@princeton.edu, 609-258-3296

• Dictionnaire alphabétique et analogique de la langue française, 2e éd, known as Le Grand Robert. 9 vols.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference. PC2625 .R552 1985q )
  For heavy-duty work.
  
  
• Le Petit Robert 1: dictionnaire alphabétique et analogique de la langue française. 1 vol.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference. PC2625 .R554 1984)
  For basic needs, the abridgement is very good.
  
  
  

German
     Rebecka Lindau, rlindau@princeton.edu , 609-258-5811

• Collins German-English, English-German dictionary: Unabridged. 4th ed. Glasgow; New York: HarperCollins; Stuttgart: Klett Verlag, 1999.
  (Firestone German Graduate Study Room.  PF3640 .C64 1999)
  Standard German/English/German dictionary.
  
  
• Duden: Das grosse Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. 3rd ed. 10 vols. Mannheim: Duden, 1999. 10 volumes.
  (Firestone German Graduate Study Room.  PF3625.G75 1999)
  Standard Modern German dictionary.
  
  
• Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. Deutsches Wörterbuch. 16 vols. in 33. Leipzig: Verlag von S. Hirzel, 1984.
  Firestone General and Humanities Reference & German Graduate Study Room). PF3625.G7 1854a.
  Original 1854 edition is the standard historical German dictionary.
  The new edition (Neubearbeitung, 1965 and continuing) is still being published and has been completed to the letter "F."
  Firestone German Graduate Study Room PF3625.G72q
  
  
  

Greek
    Rebecka Lindau, rlindau@princeton.edu , 609-258-5811

    Greek, Ancient  

• Liddell, Henry George, and Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. 10th ed. Revised by Henry Stuart Jones and others. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1996.
  Firestone General and Humanities Reference PA445 .E5 L6 1996q
  Firestone Graduate Classics Study Room.  PA445 .E5 L6 1996q
  The standard ancient Greek dictionary.
  
  

     Greek, Modern

• Bampiniotes, Georgios. Lexiko tes neas hellenikes glossas. Athens: Kentro Lexokologias, 1998.
  (Firestone Hellenic Studies Reading Room.  PA1131.B36 1998)
  This is a recently published standard dictionary for Modern Greek.
  
  
• Stavropoulos, D.N. Oxford Greek-English Learner's Dictionary. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference PA1139.E5 S83)
  (Firestone Stacks PA1139.E5 S83)
  A basic Greek-English dictionary.
  
  

Hebrew
    Nancy Pressman-Levy, pressman@princeton.edu, 609-258-5962
    
     Hebrew, Modern

• Alcalay, Reuben, The Complete English-Hebrew Dictionary. The Complete Hebrew-English Dictionary Israel : Massada, 1990.
  (Firestone Near East Collection.  PJ4833 .A52 1990 (English-Hebrew) )
  (Firestone Near East Graduate Study Room. PJ4833 .A53 1990 (Hebrew-English)
  This is the major Hebrew-English (1 vol.), English-Hebrew (2 vols.) dictionary of modern Hebrew. An older set (1981) is available in Firestone General and Humanities Reference.
  .
  
• Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer, Milon Ha-Lashon Ha-`Ivrit. [Jerusalem, Ben-Yehudah, 1948-59]
  (Firestone Near East Graduate Study Room. 2291.899 )
  A scholarly dictionary of ancient, medieval and modern Hebrew. Explanations are in Hebrew, but equivalents are given in German, French and English.
  
  
• Even-Shoshan, Avraham, Ha-Milon He-Hadash : Otsar Shalem Shel Ha-Lashon Ha-`Ivrit Ha-Sifrutit, Ha-Mada`It Veha-Meduberet, Nivim Va-Amarot `Ivriyim Va-Aramiyim, Munahim Benle'umiyim. [Israel] : ha-Milon he-hadash, c2000. 5 vols.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference PJ4830 .E93 2000 )
  The standard seven volume Hebrew-Hebrew dictionary of modern Hebrew. Other older editions are available in the Near East Collection and in the Near East Graduate Study Room.

    Hebrew, Biblical and Talmudic

• Brown, Francis, A Hebrew And English Lexicon of the Old Testament, With An Appendix Containing the Biblical Aramaic, Based On the Lexicon of William Gesenius As Translated By Edward Robinson. Edited, With Constant Reference to the Thesaurus of Gesenius . By Francis Brown, With S. R. Driver And Charles A. Briggs. Oxford, Clarendon Press [1952]
  (Firestone Stacks and General and Humanities Reference PJ4833.xG4.1953)
  (Firestone Near East Graduate Study Room.  2291.388.11)
  An important lexicon of the Hebrew Bible based on Gesenius and known as BDB. Words appearing in the Hebrew Bible are listed according to their roots
  
  
• Jastrow, Marcus, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli And Yerushalmi, And the Midrashic Literature. New York : Jastrow Publishers, 1967.
  (Firestone Near East Graduate Study Room. 2229.498.1967)
  The standard Hebrew-English dictionary of Talmudic Hebrew.
  
  
  

Italian
   John Logan, jlogan@princeton.edu, 609-258-3296

• Battaglia, Salvatore. Grande dizionario della lingua italiana / [redazione,
  direttore: Torino : Unione tipografico-editrice torinese, [1961-
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference PC1625 .B3q)
  Vol.1-v. 18 (published 1996) ; Index vol.1-8
  For heavy-duty work. It was completed in 2002, but our set (in DR) is lacking the last three vols. (19-21), which I've asked the Order Division to get.
  
  
• Grande dizionario Garzanti della lingua italiana. 1998.
  Garzanti italiano / [progettazione e coordinamento generale, Pasquale Stoppelli].
  Milano : Garzanti, c1998.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference PC1625 .G7 1998)
  For ordinary use. An online version of this dictionary can be consulted without fee, although not without annoying advertising chaff, at http://www.garzantilinguistica.it/index.html. You have to login to the Club Garzanti Linguistica to see online some of the information that is in the printed dictionary (e.g., synonyms, antonyms, conjugation tables).
  
  
  

Japanese
    Yasuko Makino, ymakino@princeton.edu, 609-258-6159

• Dai Kan-Wa jiten. Shuteiban. (13 v.)+ Hokan + Goi sakuin.
  (East Asian Library PL677.5.D35q)
  Most comprehensive Chinese charater dictionary explained in Japanese.
  
  
• Nihon kokugo daijiten. 2nd ed. (14 v.)
  (East Asian Library PL675.N54 2000)
  OED of Japanese language. Authoritative Japanese language dictionary.
  
  
  

Korean
    Yasuko Makino, ymakino@princeton.edu, 609-258-6159

    Korea, South

• P`yojun kugo taesajon / Kungnip Kugo Yon'guwon. Soul-si : Tusan Tonga, 1999. 3 vols.
  (East Asian Library (Gest) PL935 .P96q)
  
  

    Korea, North

• Choson mal taesajon. Choson, P`yongyang : Sahoe Kwahak Ch`ulp`ansa, 1992.
  East Asian Library (Gest) Reference PL935 .C532 1992
  
  
  

Latin
    Rebecka Lindau, rlindau@princeton.edu , 609-258-5811

• Oxford Latin Dictionary / Edited By P.G.W. Glare. Oxford [Oxfordshire] : Clarendon Press ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1982, c1968-c1982.
  (Classics Graduate Study Room. Firestone 3rd Fl 2530.692q)
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference: Ready Reference.  PA2365 .E509 1982q)
  (Marquand Library: Reference PA2365 .E509 1982q)
  (Mendel Music Library: Reference PA2365 .E509 1982q)
  The standard Latin dictionary.
  
  
  

Persian
    James Weinberger, jwwein@princeton.edu, 609-258-3279

• Hayy¯im, Sulaym¯an. New Persian-English Dictionary : Complete And Modern, Designed to Give the English Meanings of Over 50,000 Words,
  [Téhéran : Béroukhim] 1975.
  Firestone Near East Graduate Study Room PK6379 .xH3 1975
  Firestone Near East Collection 2455.426.4 [1960-62 edition]
  Firestone General and Humanities Reference PK6379 .H335 1992 [1992 New Delhi reprint]
  
  
  

• Steingass, Francis Joseph. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, Including the Arabic Words And Phrases to Be Met With In Persian
  Literature, Being Johnson And Richardson's Persian, Arabic, And English Dictionary Revised, Enlarged, And Entirely Reconstructed By F. Steingass.
  London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd. [1930]
  Firestone Stacks PK6379.S7 1930
  Firestone Near East Collection 2455.877 [The original 1892 edition]
  Firestone Near East Graduate Study Room 2455.877 1970 [1970 edition]
  A useful supplement to Hayyim for Classical Persian usage.
  

Portuguese
    Fernando Acosta Rodriguez, facosta@princeton.edu, 609-258-3193

• Grande dicionário da língua portuguesa. Lisboa: Publicações Alfa, 1991. 6 v.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference PC5327 .G726 1991)
  
  
• Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa : com a mais antiga documentação escrita e conhecida de muitos dos vocábulos estudados. 3. ed. Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, 1977. 5 vol.
  (Firestone Stacks PC5305 .D52 1977)
  
  
  

Russian & Slavic Languages
    Nina Shapiro, nshapiro@princeton.edu, 609-258-3592

• Slovar russkogo iazyka. Moscow: Academy of Sciences, 1957-61. 4 v.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference and Slavic Graduate Study Room PG2625.A4)
  A general dictionary of the Russian language. The emphasis is on current usage with examples quoted from Russian literature of the 19th and 20th centuries. Intended for more general use than the larger, more specialized Slovar' Sovremennogo Russkogo Literaturnogo Iazyka. (No. 3.)
  
  
• Slovar russkogo iazyka. S.I. Ozhegov, ed. Moscow, 1960. 900 p.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference PG2625.O9 1960)
  Best one volume Russian language dictionary.
  
  
• Slovar sovremennogo russkogo literaturnogo iazyka. Moscow: Academy of Sciences, 1950-65. 17 v.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference & Slavic Graduate Study Room) PG2625.A533)
  The major dictionary for modern literary Russian based on the vocabulary used in literary, artistic, social, political and general scientific works of the 19th and 20th centuries. Entries include the field in which the word is used, variant forms and meanings, derivations and extensive illustrative quotations with their sources. Loan words from other languages are numerous.
  
  
• Slovnik jazyka ceskego. F. Travnicek. Praha: Slovanske nakladatelstvi, 1952
  (Firestone Stacks 3038.912)
  Czech-Czech dictionary.
  
  
• Cesky slovnik vecny a synonymicky. Jiri Haller. Praha: SPN, 1969. 3 v.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference PG2625.H3.
  A Czech-Czech dictionary which includes synonyms and antonyms.
  
  
• Slownik jezyka polskiego. M. Szymczak. Warszawa: PWN, 1978-81. 3 v.
  (Firestone Stacks PG6625.S523)
  Polish-Polish dictionary.
  
  
• Slovnyk ukrainskoi movy. I.K. Bilodid, et al. Kyiv: Nauk. Dumka, 1970-. 11 v.
  (Firestone Stacks 30294.862)
  Ukrainian-Ukrainian dictionary for the both the spoken and literary language.
  
  
  

Spanish
    Fernando Acosta Rodriguez, facosta@princeton.edu, 609-258-3193

• Diccionario de la lengua española. Real Academia Española. 21. ed. Madrid : Real Academia Española, 1992.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference PC4625 .A3 1992q)
  The 22nd edition, published in 2001, is not held by Princeton University Library. The Web version available at http://www.rae.es
  
  
• Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico. Madrid: Editorial Gredos, 1980-1991. 6 vol.
  (Firestone General and Humanities Reference PC4580 .xC6 1980)
  
  
• Morínigo, Marcos Augusto. Nuevo diccionario de americanismos e indigenismos. Buenos Aires: Editorial Claridad; Editorial Heliasta.1998.
  (Firestone Stacks PC4822 .M598 1998)
  
  
  

Turkish
   James Weinberger, 609-258-3279

• Redhouse, James W. (James William), A Turkish And English Lexicon.
  Constantinople, Matteosian, 1921.
  Firestone Near East Collection 2068.752.12
  Firestone Near East Graduate Study Room 2068.752.121
  The best dictionary for the study of Ottoman Turkish.
  
  
• Redhouse, James W. (James William), Yeni Redhouse Lûgati, Ingilizce-Türkçe. Revised Redhouse Dictionary, English-Turkish. [Editors: J. K. Birge And Others]
  Istanbul, Amerikan Bord Ne¸sriyat-Dairesi, 1950.
  Firestone Near East Graduate Study Room. 2068.752.15
  Firestone Near East Collection. PL191 .R4 1983 [1983 edition]
  Although it displays the Ottoman forms, it is meant primarily for modern Turkish usage.
  
  
• Redhouse Çagda¸S Türkçe-Ingilizce Sözlügü = Redhouse Contemporary Turkish-English Dictionary. Istanbul : Redhouse Yayinevi, 1983.
  Firestone Near East Collection. PL191 .R43 1983
  Only for modern Turkish usage; includes many contemporary neologisms not in the New Redhouse Turkish-English Dictionary.