Qualifying Names

Rule 22.15C reads:   "Do  not  add  other titles  or  terms associated with  names  entered  under  surname unless  they  are required  to distinguish between  two  or  more persons with the same name  and neither dates nor fuller forms of name are available."

One of  the things this rule entails is that no name entered under  surname  can  have   a  delimiter-c   qualifier,  if  that
qualifier is  a "title or term associated with the name" (as most of  them are).   Even  if  the Encyclopedia Judaica calls someone
"Phinehas Shapiro  of Korets," for example, his heading  will  be "Shapiro, Phinehas"  not  "Shapiro, Phinehas,$cof Korets"  UNLESS THERE IS  A CONFLICT with  some other Phinehas Shapiro that can't be broken by means of fuller forms of name ($q) or dates ($d).  Note that the  $c "titles" ha-Kohen and ha-Levi are exempted from this rule, since we  add  them under the provisions of  rule 22.12A1 as "titles of nobility."  As  such  they  can occur  with  both surname and forename-only headings.

Regarding the case of M. Friedman, for whom there are two records no81-74 (for Michael A. Friedman) and no92-13986 (for Mordekhai Friedman): one cannot qualify the latter as "Friedman, M. (Mordekhai)", because it would be a "mix and match" in this particular case. The answer to resolving the conflict is  to qualify it with "Rabbiner Teth," the epithet that actually occurs with  the roman  form of the name (following 22.15C). The qualifier "of Teth" isn't even really "available," since  it's  only  a (partial) translation of  what  does  occur, namely  "rav di-k.k. Teth"  or "Rabbiner Teth."

ID:NAFO9213986     ST:p    EL:n   STH:a    MS:c   UIP:a    TD:19960228145750
KRC:a    NMU:a    CRC:c   UPN:a   SBU:a   SBC:a   DID:n    DF:06-02-92
RFE:a CSC:c  SRU:b   SRT:n   SRN:n   TSS:?   TGA:?   ROM:?   MOD:  LCT:
VST:d 02-28-96                      Other Versions: earlier
010    no 92013986
040    OU$cOU$dDLC
100 1  Friedman, M.,$cRabbiner Teth
400 1  Ish Shalom, Mordekhai,$crav di-.k..k. .Te.th
400 1  Fridman, Mordekhai
400 1  Friedman, Mordekhai
400 1  Shalom, Mordekhai Ish
670    Tosefta. Mo°ed. Tosaftot seder Mo°ed, 1897 or 1898-1900 or 1901:$bt.p., vol. 1 (Mordekhai ha-.k. Ish Shalom, rav di-.k..k. .Te.th) t.p. verso (M. Friedman, Bez. Rabbiner Teth [in rom.]) haskamah (Mordekhai Friedman [in Heb.])
670    Friedberg, B. Bet °e.ked sefarim, 1951:$bindex (Fridman, Mordekhai)
675    Encyc. Judaica, 1971.

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[Note that the following name was eventually qualified as well]

ID:NAFL8174        ST:p    EL:n   STH:a    MS:c   UIP:a
KRC:a    NMU:a    CRC:c   UPN:a   SBU:a   SBC:a   DID:n    DF:01-16-81
RFE:a CSC:   SRU:b   SRT:n   SRN:n   TSS:?   TGA:?   ROM:?   MOD:  LCT:
VST:d 11-13-97                      Other Versions: earlier
010    n  81000074
040    DLC$cDLC$dDLC
100 10 Friedman, M.$q(Michael)
500 10 Friedman, Michael
500 10 Friedman, Michael A.
670    Diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal tumors, 1981 (a.e.)$bCIP t.p. (M. Friedman) p. 347 in printed book (Michael A. Friedman; Cancer Research Institute M-1282, U. of Calif., San Francisco)

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A question  came  up  regarding  a book with the author's name in Hebrew on the  t.p. and in romanization on the t.p. verso When wanting to set him up  per the latter (RI 22.3C), it was realized that the non-standard romanization  on  the t.p. verso was identical to  a heading for another author  in  the file-- i.e., he would have ended up  an "undifferentiated  personal name":   the dreaded "non-unique."  Now,  there's really  no  shame involved in establishing a non-unique name,  but still,  everyone hates to  do  it.  And  on  p.  4  of cover  the  author's name was found in Hebrew with "Dr." in front of it.

The question:  are  we allowed to "mix and match" this kind  of qualifier for  a  name, that is  to  say  may  we attach the "Hebrew" "Dr." to  the  "English" form of the name used in the heading, in order to avoid  a conflict?

CPSO said yes, if there is no other way to avoid it.

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When  a place name is attached to  a forename (there's no surname) with the name of the father coming after the
place name (for example (diacritics  omitted):   Me'ir  a.b.d.  di-k.k. Korstshov ve-Hodorkov ben ha-Rav Nata),
should one leave off the father's name altogether?

Yes.  As  we interpret rule 22.8A1, when  the sequence of *names* is interrupted by something substantial, such  as  "any words  or phrases denoting place of origin, domicile, occupation, or  other characteristics that  are commonly associated with  the name," we stop transcribing names.  This is why, in  some cases, even folks who put  an Actual Surname on their title pages sometimes end  up established without it--  if  they  allow  "words  or phrases" to interrupt the forename(s) ... surname sequence.

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 How to establish a name from  a t.p. on which the author's name appears in both Hebrew and Cyrillic
      the Hebrew citation does not contain a surname, although the Cyrillic citation has one
      the Hebrew forenames are followed by $c-type information
      the author's date of death is known

The  chief  source reads,  it  seems, "Mosheh Shelomoh, ha-a.b.d.  di-k.k. Neshelsk u-Partseve."
The Cyrillic reads, it seems,  "M. Sh. Levinson."

Note:  If both these forms appear on  the chief source, they  are  equally "prominent."  However, when choosing  the  form  for  the   heading, the one  in  the original language of  the work (in this case, Hebrew) is preferred (rule 22.1B).

Since we are going to  use the Hebrew form, what else will be  included in  the heading?  Of course, if  we  know  the  date  of   death,  we include that, applying the optional provision of  rule  22.17A as specified in the RI.

And what about the $c information?  Rule 22.8A1 says that when we  are establishing a  name  that  does  not include  a  surname, we  should "include in  the name  any words or phrases denoting place  of  origin, domicile, occupation,  or  other characteristics that  are commonly associated with the name  in works by  the person or  in reference sources."
What does  the phrase "associated with  the name" mean?   CPSO's answer to  this question is "immediately contiguous  to  the  name."   So  a  lot  depends on whether the chief  source really  reads exactly  as  it had been stated above..
If  there  is nothing substantive  between   "Mosheh  Shelomoh"  and  "ha-a.b.d.  di-k.k.  Nashelsk,  etc.," the  phrase  is "immediately contiguous," i.e. "associated  with" the name  and should be included.  Blessings (zal, shelita,  z.y. 'a.  and  the like) are  not substantive.  Anything else is.  Chances  are, the phrase  *is* contiguous, and  should  be  included.

Other  wrinkles:   It's  essential,  for  the  foregoing  to   be correct,  that  we're  discussing  the  true  chief  source.   If the book  is  a  reprint, for example,  one  must consider whether the chief source applying to  the item  in  hand  is  not something other than the facsimile of the original t.p.  It might be,  say,  the cover, and  very often the author's name does  not appear  in  the  chief source when  it's something other  than  a conventional title page.  If *that* should be  the case, then the form(s) of  name  on  the original t.p.  are *not* prominent.  In such a case, though we'd still choose the heading in the original language of the work, we'd be at liberty to look through the rest of  the book for  a fuller form of  the  name (cf. rule 22.3A1)-- say,  a Hebrew form of  the  name including a surname.  Such  are often found in haskamot.  If the cover is  the chief source, *no*
source inside the book  is prominent, so  a fuller form, wherever found, can be taken as the heading.  And if  you find an eligible form of the name which includes a surname, the $c information can be  omitted (even  if  it's "associated with  the name"), because  rule 22.8A1 applies only to headings without surnames.

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If  the  piece  in  hand  gives  an  author's name  with forename  initial(s) only,  and  the  only  source  which  spells  out  the
initial(s) is  a  (non-LC)  heading  in RLIN,  may  we  add  the  forename(s) from the RLIN heading to the new heading in  a $q, if  this does not create a  "mix and match" situation with systematic  romanization and non-systematic?  Note:  these situations usually  occur   when   the   new  heading  will   be   in  non-systematic  romanization, and  usually  when  the forename in question  is  a  standard English-Bible one, like "Samuel".

LC Hebraica catalogers feel  uneasy about this point.  The question is  in  all of our minds:  sure, the initial may  in some sense represent  the  name "Shemu'el" or  the  name "Samuel," but  did  the author  himself  ever  use "Samuel"  or  did  some cataloger put  in  the  "Bible" form of the forename just because of a local practice, as LC used to do in pre-AACR times?
Nevertheless, in  spite  of  this feeling, it's agreed  that   there's no  rule that  says  you *can't* use RLIN,  or  any other
source, to  provide this  kind  of information.  the  RI (22.18a)   says that the cataloger must feel he knows the full form  of  the
name "with certainty," and that means it's a matter of judgment.  If  you don't   feel "certain" enough of  them, you  don't  have  to accept them.

Figuring this way, the liberals end  up with $qs;   the conservative does  not.  Thus, one might formulate the  heading  as  "Brod,  S.  M.$q(Samuel   Menahem)" (h  with subscript dot): the "samuel"   shows  that  a  non-systematic  romanization  is  intended  here,   matching  the  non-systematic romanization  of  the  surname  and   initials from  the piece in hand.  It's  just  a coincidence that   this non-systematic romanization of "Menahem" is exactly like the   systematic romanization ("Brod" could be either as well).

NOTE:  it's definitely *not*  okay  to  use  a forename from RLIN (or anywhere else) in  a  $q if your 670s show more than one   possible spelled-out form for the initial(s) in  the heading.  If   your non-systematically romanized heading has "s." and  your 670s   show  both "Samuel" and "Shmuel," you shouldn't use either  in  a  $q.

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How should the name of the author of Sefer Damese.k Eli'ezer", Eli'ezer b.m.h. v.r. R. Yehudah, be stablished?

Diane  Humes of CPSO replys  on  the propriety of including an  epithet  with  the Eli'ezer  ben Yehuda(h) heading:

Certainly epithets and  titles  don't  have anything to  do  with fullness--they are additions to  the name, not part of  the name.
In this particular case though, if I understand it correctly, the addition of the epithet could be justified by slightly stretching
22.8A1 "Include ... commonly associated ..."  I  would not object to doing that, since it does give more of a "handle" for purposes of identification. Bottom line on this one seems to  me  that  it doesn't really  matter a  great deal whether the epithet is  used or not, but I personally would lean toward including it.

ID:NAFR961284      ST:p    EL:n   STH:a    MS:n   UIP:a    TD:19960127052503
KRC:a    NMU:a    CRC:c   UPN:a   SBU:a   SBC:a   DID:n    DF:01-11-96
RFE:a CSC:c  SRU:b   SRT:n   SRN:n   TSS:?   TGA:?   ROM:?   MOD:  LCT:      VST:d 01-29-96
010    nr 96001284
040    NjP$cNjP
100 00 Eli°ezer ben Yehuda,$cmi-.k..k. Pin.tshov
400 00 Eli°ezer ben Yehudah
400 00 Eliezer ben Judah,$cof Pinczow
400 00 Eli°ezer ben Yuda
670    Sefer Damese.k Eli°ezer, 1992?:$borig. t.p. (k. mo. ha-r. R. Eli°ezerb.m.h. .ve-r. R. Yehudah; parnas ha-dor bi-gelil .Kra.ka u-manhig .ve-rosh b.d. bi-.k..k. Pin.tshov) p. 1 (mo. ha-r. R. Eli°ezer b.h.h. ... Yehuda zal mi-.k..k. Pin.tshov; Eli°ezer ben ... Yuda)
670    RLIN, 1-2-96$b(hdg.: Eliezer ben Judah, of Pinczow)
675    Enc. Jud., c1972.