SOCIOLOGY 210: THE CITY AND SOCIAL
CHANGE IN THE AMERICAS
Spring 1998
2:30-3:20 MW
Precepts: M 1:30-2:20; W 12:00-12:50
Patricia
Fernandez Kelly
Princeton University Office of Population Research
and Department of Sociology
21 Prospect Avenue
Office Hours: Fridays, by appointment
email:
mpfk@opr.princeton.edu
By taking a comparative approach, this course
examines the role of social, economic, and political factors in the
emergence and transformation of modern cities in the United States
and selected areas of Latin America. We consider the city in its
dual image: as a center of progress and as a redoubt of social
problems, especially poverty, Attention is given to the historical
processes that have resulted in the spatial aggregation and
desegregation of populations differentiated by social class and
race.
1. Introduction:
The
sociological vision: methods and approach. Cities in a historical
perspective. Urbanization and industrialization. Rural-urban
migration. The dual image of the city.
Readings:
- Pirenne, Henri [1925] 1970. Medieval Cities: Their Origins
and the Revival of
Trade. Princeton: Princeton
University Press.
- Weber, Max. [1921] 1966. The City. New York: The Free
Press.
- Dobb, Maurice. 1967. Papers on Capitalism, Development, and
Planning. New York: International
Publishers.
2. Classical Models of Urban
Development:
Concentric zoning, axiate growth
and multiple nuclei. Ecological theories. The city as organism.
Political economy and the critique of classical models. Land use and
the market. Transforming time and space into commodities. The city
in the era of world economic integration. The global
city.
Readings:
- Burgess, Ernest W. 1925 “The Growth of the
City: An Introduction to a Research Project,” in>, edited by Robert
Park, Ernest Burgess, and Roderick D. McKenzie. Chicago: Chicago
University Press.
- Harvey, David. 1973. Social Justice and the City.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
3. Inter- and Intra-urban Processes in Latin
America:
A review of theories of
socioeconomic development. Colonialism and its legacy. Modernization
and metropolitan change. The effects of Import-Substitution
Industrialization. Export-Processing Industrialization and the
“opening to the exteriorT>
Readings:
- Wolf, Eric R. and Edward C. Hansen. 1972.
The Human Condition in Latin
America. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
- Skidmore, Thomas E. and Peter H. Smith.
1989. Modern Latin America. New York: Oxford University
Press.
- Portes, Alejandro and John Walton. 1978.
Urban Latin America. Austin: University of Texas Press.
4. A Sample of Illustrative Cases:
Mexico City. Santiago. Bogota. Rio de Janeiro. Santo
Domingo. Havana. Rural-urban dynamics. International and domestic
migration. The geography of employment and residence. Urbanization
in times of crisis. A comparative review of political and economic
inequalities.
Readings:
- Centeno, Miguel Angel. 1994. Democracy Within Reason:
Technocratic
Revolution in Mexico. University
Park, PA: The Pennsylvania University Press.
- Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. 1992.
Death Without Weeping: The Violence of
Everyday Life in Brazil. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
- Portes, Alejandro. 1989. “Latin American
Urbanization During the Years of the Crisis.
Latin American Research Review XXIV 3:7-44.
- Portes, Alejandro. 1997. “Neoliberalism and
the Sociology of Development: Emerging Trends and Unanticipated
Facts. Population and Development
Review 23 2(June):
229-259.
5. Urban Poverty and Labor Patterns in Latin
America and the Caribbean:
The structure of
formal employment. Social stratification. Gender, race and
ethnicity in the labor market. Industrial and service sectors. The
informal economy.
Readings:
- Bose, Christine E. and Edna Acosta-Belen.
1995. Women in the Latin American
Development Process.
- Shaiken, Harley. 1994. “Advanced
Manufacturing and Mexico: A New International Division of Labor?
Latin American Research
Review. 29 2:39-72.
- Portes, Alejandro, Manuel Castells and
Lauren Benton (Editors). 1989. The
Informal Economy in Advanced and Less Developed
Countries. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press.
6. Cities and States in Latin America and the
Caribbean:
From nationalism to
internationalism. The state and civil society. Predatory and
embedded states. Changing notions of citizenship.
Readings:
- Evans, Peter. 1995. Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial
Transformation. Princeton: Princeton
University Press.
- Sassen, Saskia. 1994. Cities in a World Economy.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
7. Inter-and Intra-urban Processes in the
United States:
The colonial city.
Industrialization and international migration. Suburbs, exurbs, and
edge cities. The role of race and ethnicity in the design of the
American city. Aggregative and disaggregative processes.
Residential segregation. From slums to ghettos. The global
city.
Readings:
- Fernandez-Kelly, Patricia. 1995. “Migration, Race, and
Ethnicity in the
Design of the American City. Cambridge, MA: Los Angeles Museum
of Contemporary Art and MIT Press.
- Castells, Manuel. 1985. “High Technology,
Economic Restructuring, and the Urban-Regional Process in the United
States, in Manuel Castells (Editor), High Technology, Space, and
Society. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
- Sassen, Saskia. 1992. The Global City: New York, London,
Tokyo. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
8. Some Illustrative Cases:
New York. Boston.
Baltimore. Miami. Los Angeles.
Spatial similarities and disparities. The racialization of
neighborhoods. Red-lining and block-busting. White flight.
Cyclical decline.
Readings:
- Levine, Hillel and Lawrence Harmon. 1993.
The Death of an American Jewish
Community: A Tragedy of Good Intentions. New York: The Free
Press, 1993.
- Portes, Alejandro and Alex Stepick. 1993.
City on the Edge: The Transformation of
Miami. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
- Scott, Allen J. and Edward W. Soja
(Editors). 1996. The City: Los
Angeles and Urban Theory at the End of the Twentieth
Century. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
9. Poverty and Marginality in the American
City:
The meaning of poverty in the land of
plenty. Social capital and spatial segregation. The War Against
Poverty. The War Against Welfare. Poverty and the state. Poverty and
the private sector. Unemployed or unemployable? The gender
dimensions. Public housing: a historical sketch. A word on the
homeless. The misery of citizenship.
Readings:
- Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton.
1993. American Apartheid: Segregation
and the Making of the Underclass.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Fernandez-Kelly, Patricia. 1995.
“Social and Cultural Capital in the Urban Ghetto,” in
The Economic Sociology of
Immigration. New York: Russell Sage
Foundation Press.
- Jargowsky, Paul A. 1996. Poverty and Place: Ghettos, Barrios, and the
American City. New York: Russell Sage
Foundation Press.
10. Immigrants and the Transformation of
Cities:
Types of migrants. Labor migration.
The immigrant enclave. Gender and class in the process of migration.
Self-employment and business formation. Formal and informal
employment. Immigrant children. Transnational communities. Ethnic
identity and the city.
Readings:
- Fernandez-Kelly, M. Patricia and Richard
Schauffler. 1994. "Divided Fates: Immigrant Children in a
Restructured Economy." International
Migration Review, 28 xxviii:
662-689.
- Wilson, William J. 1996.
When Work Disappears: The World of the
New Urban Poor. New York: Alfred A.
Knopf.
