Ductility

A Ductile material is one which exhibits considerable plastic deformation before fracturing. Two measures of sample ductility are used: (i) the percent elongation that the sample undergoes before fracture, and (ii) the percent reduction in area that results during tensile testing to fracture.

The percent elongation = 100 x (Lf - L0 ) / L0 , where Lf and L0 are the final and initial length of the sample, respectively.

The percent reduction in area = 100 x (A0 - Af ) / A0 , where A0 and Af are the initial and final areas of the sample, respectively.