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Materials and Structure

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Multi-layer Laminates

A laminate is a series of unidirectional laminae bonded together so that their fiber directions make different angle with a material axis. By controlling the number of layers and the fiber angles, the laminate may have its mechanical properties tailored to specific tasks.

The diagram shows typical fiber directions in a multi-layer laminate that is symmetrical about its center. The symmetry of a laminate is important in determining its response to temperature changes, applied stresses, and other external conditions. The layup shown will produce a material with nearly isotropic properties in its plane and minimum sensitivity to temperature and humidity changes.

From: Hull, "An Introduction to Composite Materials," Cambridge (1992)