PHI531 Philosophy of Science: time, entropy, and the manifest image

http://www.princeton.edu/~adame/teaching/PHI531_F2008

Graduate seminar, Fall 2008. Open to graduate students only.

Adam Elga (follow link for contact information, office hour).

Class meeting time: Mondays 10:00am-12:50pm.

Location: Marx Hall 201

Seminar description: There is a radical disconnect between everyday descriptions of the physical world (in terms of tables, chairs, and so on), and the sorts of descriptions given to us by physicists (in terms of fundamental particles and forces). We will consider attempts to reconcile the two sorts of descriptions. Topics will include statistical mechancs and the direction of time, causal asymmetry, and the flow of time.

Units: If you might write a unit paper associated with this course, then right away please read my grad student unit guide.

Readings: To access the readings (all available electronically, as linked below), you will need a userid (the userid is "guest") and a password (announced in class). If you would like to preview the readings, please email adame@princeton.edu.

Note:

Introduction

Mon Sep 15 First class meeting

Temporal asymmetry

Huw Price. Time's arrow Chapter 1. Read from the section entitled "The stock philosophical debates about time" until the end of the chapter.

Paul Horwich. Asymmetries in time. Chapter 1. Sections 1-2.

The asymmetry of entropy

Mon Sep 22

Reversibility and thermodynamics

David Albert. Time and Chance. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2

Optional: Lawrence Sklar. Physics and Chance. Chapter 2, section I

Mon Sep 29

Boltzmannian statistical mechanics

David Albert. Time and Chance. Chapter 3 and Chapter 4

Shelly Goldstein. Boltzmann's approach to statistical mechanics

Mon Oct 06

Explaining irreversibility

Review pp. 91-96 of David Albert. Time and Chance. Chapter 4

Review pp. 14-16 of Shelly Goldstein. Boltzmann's approach to statistical mechanics

Huw Price. Time's arrow Chapter 2. Read starting from the section "Boltzmann's symmetric view."

Craig Callender. Measures, Explanations and the Past: Should 'Special' Initial Conditions be Explained?

Optional: Huw Price. Time's arrow Chapter 3: New light on the arrow of radiation

Optional: Jill North. Understanding the Time-Asymmetry of Radiation

Links between the asymmetry of entropy and other asymmetries

Mon Oct 13

The knowledge asymmetry

David Albert. Time and Chance. Chapter 6

Paul Horwich. Asymmetries in time. Chapter 5: Knowledge

Mon Oct 20

The fork asymmetry and the asymmetry of causation

Nancy Cartwright. Causal laws and effective strategies

Huw Price. Time's Arrow. Chapter 6: In search of the third arrow

Mon Nov 03

Common cause principle

Frank Arntzenius. Reichenbach's common cause principle. Pay special attention to section 3.3.

Optional. Hartry Field. Causation in a physical world. Section 2.

Mon Nov 10

Counterfactuals

Barry Loewer. Counterfactuals and the second law

Hartry Field. Causation in a physical world. Section 3.

Mon Nov 17

Constraints on the future

Greg Egan. The hundred light year diary

Huw Price. Time's arrow and that old double standard. Read section entitled "Is a reversing future observable? Is it consistent?" (pp. 86-91)

Nick Smith. Bananas enough for time travel. Read section 3 (pp. 366-7) and section entitled "Third Case" (pp. 376-8)

Optional:

Frank Arntzenius and Tim Maudlin. Time travel and modern physics. Read Section 5 "Two Toy Models"

Realism about the flow of time

Mon Nov 24

Squaring commonsense physics with fundamental physics

David Wallace. Everett and Structure. Read section 4 ("Understanding higher-order ontology")

Tim Maudlin. Descrying the world in the wavefunction. Read pp. 1-14.

Daniel Dennett. Real patterns. Read sections I-III.

Mon Dec 01

Time's flow

Guest seminar leader: Brad Skow, MIT Philosophy

Tim Maudlin. On the passing of time

Craig Callender. The Common Now

Mon Dec 08

Time's flow, cont'd

Tim Maudlin. On the passing of time We will discuss the "doppleganger objection".

Craig Callender. The Common Now

Overflow

Maxwell's demon

David Albert. Time and Chance. Chapter 5

Craig Callender. A Collision Between Dynamics and Thermodynamics

Overflow

Reduction of thermodynamics to statistical mechanics

Craig Callender. Taking thermodynamics (too) seriously

Craig Callender. Reducing Thermodynamics to Statistical Mechanics: The Case of Entropy

Optional background readings

Craig Callender. Thermodynamic Asymmetry in Time

Craig Callender. The past hypothesis meets gravity

David Albert. Time and Chance. Appendix

Jill North. Two views on time reversal

Spohn. Large scale dynamics of interacting particles Chapter 9: The role of probability, irreversibility

Huw Price. Time's arrow Chapter 8

Ned Hall. Structural equations and causation

The common cause principle

Optional: Dorothy Edgington. Counterfactuals and the benefits of hindsight

Adam Elga | Princeton University