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· In terms of the section area,
A, and the second moment of area, I, the shape factor: ΦB = 4πI/A2,
for the bending response about an axis normal to the section. For a circular
cross-section of radius, r, A = πr2
, and I
= (πr4/4) so that the shape factor for
bending is ΦB = 1.
· The twisting (or torsional) response
of a section will depend upon a torsional shape factor: ΦT
= 2πK/A2. Here K is the "torsional
moment of area" about an axis normal to the section. For a cylinder
K =
πr4/4, and so ΦT
= 1 for this section.
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