Materials, Properties and Design

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· The diagram opposite shows force-displacement data obtained on an aluminum sample. In order to convert this into an engineering stress-strain curve the force must be normalized with the initial cross-sectional area and the deformation normalized by the initial length.
· Engineering Stress = σN =
(Force/ Initial Area) =
(F / A0)
· Engineering Strain = εN =
(Change in Length / Initial Length) =
(ΔL / L0)