Elements and Results Handled

A summary of the BERSAFE elements handled and the types of results processed is given in Table 3.1.

 

Element Displacements Average Nodal Element Principal

Types Stresses Stresses Stresses

EP4 Yes No No No

EX4 Yes No No No

EZ6 Yes No No No

EP6 (F) Yes Yes Yes No

EP8 Yes Yes Yes No

EP12 (F) Yes Yes Yes No

EP16 Yes Yes Yes No

EX6 (F) Yes Yes Yes No

EX8 Yes Yes Yes No

EX12 (F) Yes Yes Yes No

EX16 Yes Yes Yes No

EX18N Yes Yes Yes No

EX24N Yes Yes Yes No

CS24 Yes No Yes* No

CS32 Yes No Yes* No

EZ12 Yes Yes Yes No

EZ18 Yes Yes Yes No

EZ24 Yes Yes Yes No

EZ30 Yes Yes Yes No

EZ45 (F) Yes Yes Yes No

EZ60 Yes Yes Yes No

OZ45R Yes Yes Yes+ No

OZ60R Yes Yes Yes+ No

CS30 Yes Yes! Yes! No

CS40 Yes Yes! Yes! No

*

Stresses at element gauss points only. Membrane and bending stresses are transformed from Mnn, Bnn for 1 surface to Snn at 2 surfaces using Snn = Mnn +/- Bnn.

+

Stresses at element nodes only.

(F)

For crack tip elements stresses are currently output as zero. In forthcoming versions of BERSAFE stresses will be set to the highest value for that element.

!

For the Ahmad thick shell elements stresses are separated into surface 1 and surface 2 values. Surface 2 is the BERSAFE `outer' surface of the element which is given by the +ve direction of the local Z-axis.

Note that average nodal stresses are calculated by averaging the stress contributions from all the elements connected to a node.