The left-hand diagram
shows the ordering of uni-axial lamina required to produce a composite material
with approximately isotropic mechanical and thermal properties.
The
right-hand diagram illustrates the effect of heating a two ply composite
(non-symmetric). The originally planar material twists on heating (or cooling
from an elevated curing temperature).
The bottom diagram also illustrates
thermal effects on a two layer composite with orthogonal fiber directions
in the layers. Again this type of distortion may arise at room temperature
if the polymer matrix is cured above room temperature. |