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Mechanical Properties
Tangent & Secant Modulus

· The bulk modulus may be related to thermodynamic expressions for either the isothermal or adiabatic material response: 
KT = (1/ βT ) = (1/V0)(dV/dp) T ; or K S = (1/ βS)S= (1/V0)(dV/dp)S.

· Some materials, such as polymers and elastomers, have a non-linear elastic response and a modulus is defined for a given state of strain.
· The Tangent modulus at (σ2, ε2) is: 
Et = (dσ/ dε)
The Secant modulus at (σ1, ε1) is: 
Es = (Δσ/ Δε)1
From: Callister, "Materials Science and Engineering," Wiley (1994)