IONIC
BONDING
· Ionic bonding involves the interaction between
atoms of different chemical types with partly full quantum states.
· Ions
are created by atoms losing or gaining electrons to create
charged ions with full quantum states.
· Sodium Chloride is an example of an ionic crystal. The
electronic structure of the atoms and ions is shown below.
Ø Na0 ® (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)1
Ø
Na+® (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)0
Ø Cl0 ® (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6 (3s)2(3p)5
Ø
Cl-®
(1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6
· Energy must be supplied to remove the
electron from the Na-atom:
Ø
First
Ionization Energy of Na = EI = 5.1 eV
·
Energy
is liberated when the Cl-atom captures an electron
Ø Electron Affinity of Cl = EF
= 3.7 eV |
