7.  Plastic Deformation 
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   Introduction
      Toughness
      Ductility
      Polymers

   Continuum Models
      Tresca
      von Mises

   Atomic Models
      Frenkel
      Dislocations

   Dislocation Models
      Frank-Reed Source
      Work Hardening
      Dislocation Fields
      Dislocation Reactions

   Technical Materials
      Design Issues

When the load on a material takes it past its yield stress plastic deformation occurs and permanent changes of shape result. This deformation mode is essential for the fabrication of many components, however, the fabricated structures will normally be
used in their elastic range. 

In this section, the continuum and atomistic aspects of plastic deformation will be discussed and some design issues associated with the phenomenon will be outlined.